I appreciate the background.
My knowledge of Vipassana is rudimentary at best. It is typically taught in a ten day silent retreat. I have not attended one yet, hope to in the future. I will do my best to explain, at least as I understand it.
It starts with a single point of concentration to quiet the mind, typically the upper lip where you can feel your breath during inhalation and exhalation. It can also be the nostrils or the belly experiencing breathing.
Once the mind has sufficiently quieted, you move onto a body scan, similar to yoga nidra. During the scan you observe sensations, emotions, thoughts, specifically the impermanence of them. Resist acting on them (itches, cramps, following the thoughts).
The mindfulness book recommends identifying the roots of thoughts - worries, ego driven thoughts, etcetera. Recognizing the subconscious becoming conscious helps to avoid reacting to the thoughts - like becomes craving becomes attachment creating suffering. Dislike becomes aversion becomes attachment to avoiding, creating suffering.
The idea is that through conscious practice you can develop a habit that spills over into everyday activities helping to regulate emotions, reduce attachment, reduce suffering.
You probably recognize this ties in with the Four Noble Truths and that following the Eightfold Path will also be helpful.
That is my understanding. I have only just begun implementing this, am not as consistent as I would like to be, still have a great deal of work to do.