Recovery/Protein Synthesis?

Well i have a few questions about protein synthesis and recovery.

  • How long does protein synthesis occur after your workout? Or is this still disputable?

  • Does protein synthesis only occur in this time period? If so then how do you recover damaged muscles the day after a workout or outside of the synthesis period?

  • On an off day do you consume as much protein and carbs as you do on a training day?

  • What are some of different aids to recovery other than massage therapy and pumping??