United Healthcare is a separate entity than United Health Group, and each are regulated by their respective laws. Conglomerates are a whole new can of worms to open but if anything it’s harder for United Health Group to operate with as much influence as they would like because of United Healthcare given additional scrutiny.
For example, they recently tried to purchase a home health competitor, and buy-outs & mergers are common in the business world - including in healthcare (which is what we are discussing here) but were denied under monopoly laws given their broader conglomerate status. More than likely a competitor who was not a conglomerate would’ve seen the transaction go through.
Optum is a response to high care costs. I’m not going to rehash the money in/money out conversation above but as discussed insurance companies work to negotiate lower healthcare costs for clients because it helps their bottom lines too. If they can pay $10k for a surgery vs. $20k that’s a big win across millions of clients, for example.
Optum is an effort to control costs, this is true. But the market forces being addressed are primarily competition and supply and demand. By owning production of sorts they can lower costs for clients, to a degree. They still have to pay professionals a competitive wage or they’ll just go somewhere else, but administrative overhead, fees et cetera can all be reduced through streamlined processes and care, with some control on cost itself as well.
This would be a problem if they wound up owning the entire chain industry wide because they could charge whatever they want then. But that isn’t the case. This would be more in line with a single payer system, ackshually, with complete reliance on government to keep everything in check appropriately. Here, we have govt control preventing monopolies as well as market competition keeping companies incentivized to drive rates down so they can offer competitive premiums and maintain/win clients.
Another creative avenue companies looked at was medical tourism. The general idea was that it would be cheaper to fly clients to inexpensive countries, board and feed them, have surgeries and therapy provided and then fly them home vs paying healthcare domestically. Liability became the issue. Although people agreed to the overseas doctors and insurance was paying for them, they still found a way to sue if anything in the surgery itself went wrong, and companies couldn’t fall back on US law so they were often stuck in abusive settlements and began losing money instead.
They did attempt to set up their own networks and build legal chops around them, but some pretty strong special interest groups prevented this. I’ll let you guess who. Hint, it was not the insurance industry.