[quote]Gadrien wrote:
Ryan,
Back to basics: how do you define the term market that you say was inexistent or anecdotical in our history ?
Be kind enough to give a structured answer and not to say the definition is obvious.[/quote]
I would say that it’s probably what you’re thinking. A “group” of suppliers of a certain good, and a group of demanders, each trying to get a good deal, through which the exchange of that good is mediated, and which, importantly, is self-regulating (at least mostly). Also, just to clarify, I didn’t say they didn’t exist, or existed only sporadically. What I am saying is that they were almost never a central, organizing pillar of the economy.
When you read about ancient trade, the temptation is to for your brain to read the word “trade,” and the conjure up the modern idea of trade, which is not correct. Ancient trade was, in general, not very competitive. Also it depends on where you’re talking about and the type of trade: was it local, regional, or long-distance? Most trade was long-distance, as local trade was generally controlled and that important anyhow.
[quote]From my point of view, there is a market when 2 persons are free to exchange something for another. There is an embryo of modern market when people can go to one place to find a certain good, and where it’s value will not be determined by rules, but by supply and demand.
[/quote]
That’s fine, but your definition is inadequate for a study of history. People used to exchange things all the time, but not based on the logic of the market. Reciprocity is an example that was very common. Maybe I give you something today, and you give me something tomorrow. This has been a common organization technique for tribes for a long time. For instance, if I’m a member of a tribe, and I go out to gather nuts and berries, I don’t gather them for myself. I gather them and share them with my family and other nearby individuals. The fisherman, likewise, fish for many people. Everyone did their thing, and gave to the community, and in turn the rest did their thing, and gave to the community. The reason for this is that societal ties were very important, as it was very difficult to survive without the group. Accordingly, everyone did their part to provide for society. You didn’t really think the Egyptians, or the Native Americans had a market economy did you?
This is not necessarily to say there is anything bad about markets, only that they are not “natural,” in the sense that they always, or even usually spring up spontaneously. Just like I’m not trying to say we should return to reciprocity or redistribution.