The Doc and DH have some conversation. Here below for all to listen in on are the goods: ENJOY!
As far as using dextrose right after training, I don’t recommend using it
although it might be useful a half hour or so later. I usually
try and have people use their natural gluconeogenic pathways to supply the
glucose and stimulus they need post workout. However, some people can’t
synthesize the glucose they need for that effect. That’s why it’s one of the
first changes I make in athletes once people are fat adapted is to allow
10-30 grams of high glycemic carbs after training. However, when you’re
cutting I’d keep the carbs to a minimum, say less than 20 grams post workout if you find them necessary.
I’d try it both ways, with no carbs, and say with 10 grams or so of carbs,
and see what works best for your metabolism. No carbs works best for me, but others do better on 10 to 30 grams of carbs after training.
Strict ketogenic diets are not good for gaining mass. Cycling diets on the other hand, if you get your calorie intake and workouts synchronized, are the best mass gaining diet around. A lot revolves on massive intakes of calories on the weekend. Leo, one of my early lab rats, took in as much as 12,000 calories on both Sat and Sunday, while taking in only 3-4,000 calories on the weekdays. He blew up to 310 lbs. and eventually got down to 257 lbs at 6% body fat. His best contest weight prior to going on the Anabolic Diet for a year was 217 lbs at 6% bodyfat.
Having said that, since we’re dealing with a cyclical diet (notice I didn’t say CKD) that has it’s ups and downs of muscle glycogen, insulin levels, intramuscular triglycerides and many other factors, for many people it might suit them best to be lifting at times when their hepatic and muscle glycogen levels are maximized and that would be at the beginning of the week, rather when these levels, especially the muscle glycogen levels, are relatively depleted. As such I would recommend that these people do their hardest training at the beginning of the week and leave the easier stuff and cardio for the end of the week. This, however, is not written in stone and each person must find out what works best for them, both for the training end and the diet itself. My new book, the Metabolic Diet, goes into this in much more detail than the Anabolic Diet.
As far as working out on the weekends, I don’t really see a problem with that. I usually tell people to take the weekends off and use it as a rest/social time and carb up but that’s not written in stone. I’ve known people who found the weekend workouts their most productive and others who didn’t have the motivation to work out when they were carbing up. Again it’s an individual thing. Working out on weekends, if you carb up adequately, shouldn’t interfere with the super compensated muscle glycogen levels that you’re trying to achieve during the carb up phase. For some people, especially those that are sensitive to carbs and tend to bloat up after 12 hours of less of increasing their carbs, working out allows them to carb up for a longer period of time before they hit the bloat.
So again it’s a trial and error thing. Try working out on the weekends using different intensities and volumes, and see how you respond. You’ll notice that I don’t emphasize rules that are fixed in stone. That’s because the whole process is so variable that each person should individualize it by trial and error. The progress you make, how you look and how you feel should guide you in this learning process. The end result is a dieting and training program that is tailored to your unique metabolism and potential.
Limiting the carb intake depending on what needs to be done is a hallmark of the Anabolic Diet. Glutamine is a good carb substitute in that the body can form what carbs it needs from it through gluconeogenesis while at the same time it stimulates insulin both by itself and secondary to its conversion to glucose. I’ve always recommended using glutamine and other compounds that increase insulin production or increase insulin sensitivity, rather than carbs, to both replenish intramuscular glycogen (although this action is a tad limited without the use of carbs no matter how much glutamine you use)
Unfortunately I think he and others misunderstood me. I never said that you gain muscle only on the weekends. I said that it’s on the weekends that you can maximize the anabolic effects of insulin. That doesn’t mean that it’s only on those days that you can increase muscle mass. In fact the following two or three days are excellent days for putting on muscle since muscle glycogen is still relatively high and along with the increased fat oxidation that comes from adaptation to my diets, makes for great workouts and an excellent muscle hypertrophic adaptive response.
It’s only as you get to the latter part of the week, as muscle glycogen levels decrease and you depend more and more of fat as a primary fuel and as such training may be compromised for some people, that the main effect of the diet is to maximize the oxidation of body fat and maintain lean body mass rather than increase it. Even on Thursday and Friday, while you may not increase protein synthesis, you will decrease protein catabolism. Then when carb loading begins on the weekend, insulin levels increase dramatically, along with glycogen stores and protein synthesis. This is the supercompensation that occurs secondary to carb deprivation and a relative hypoinsulinemia that occur on Thursday and Friday.
I’m working on the theory behind all of this so I’m not just pulling it out of the air. Hopefully once I get it all together people like *** will see where I’m coming from. Keep in mind that I like the criticism and comments that others give me. It helps me to get my house in order.
All the “experts” have their views and usually poll the research that backs them up. However, it’s all a lot more complicated than they’re making out and we really don’t have the answers as yet. Some of the research out there is contradictory and some are not done well enough to be able to conclude anything from their results and conclusions. I’m in the process of slugging through all of this now and it will be several weeks before I’ll have it all in place. The bottom line is that a high protein, high fat, low carb diet alternated with a few days of moderate protein, moderate fat and moderate to high carb intake is still the best way to go if your goal is to maximize muscle mass and minimize body fat. I’ll have the information and studies to back all this up in the near future.
Unfortunately everyone I’ve come across who writes about high fat diets is not knowledgeable enough to really make any sense. First of all whether or not a higher fat diet affects insulin sensitivity depends on many factors, one of which is the genetic predisposition. Secondly why is insulin insensitivity in a healthy person who exercises all that bad? It all depends on first of all the insulin receptor complex, the effect of non receptor proteins, and subsequent cellular signaling pathways that are affected by the higher fat diet, secondly on the whether or not insulin resistance, that’s based on the effect of insulin on glucose and not on amino acids and free fatty acids, applies to the muscle cells and/or the fat cells, again depending on a complex series of interactions that we’re still fuzzy about. And there are many other factors to consider.
All in all, saying that a high fat diet will decrease insulin sensitivity and as such increase lipogenesis doesn’t make any scientific sense at all unless you can tie in all the many variables. As far as references, the unfortunate fact is that we know very relatively little about the intricacies mentioned above and no matter how hard you search for the answers in the published literature, you won’t find very many. I’m working in concert with research teams in Australia, Texas and Denmark trying to figure out some of these dynamics and hopefully setting up some research protocols that will give us some of the answers.
BTW recent studies have shown that in fat adapted people, carb loading leads to glycogen supercompensation. So that in itself answers *******'s point. And as far as Ph.D candidates, I gave a lecture to six of them a few days ago at York University and lost them completely more than once.
DH note:
This last sentence was one of my favorites of all! Lost them more than once. This man is called the expert’s expert for a reason.