Well, I’m very surprised that no one seems to have commented much on your training schedule. For putting decent amount of muscle on fast, circuit training is not going to do the job. I know you have had issues regarding bodyweight / image, so you might find stopping cardio (for a couple of months) difficult so how about we leave that for now. What I’d suggest is that you train with weight, hard and heavy. Focus on big movements (e.g. Squat, deadlift, chins, dips, BB row, bench press, O/H press and shrugs) find a split you like, try not to add many other exercises (abs would be OK at the end of your workout though).
For example:
(obviously I’ve had to guess the weights)
Mon (A)
Squat, 100x12, 120x8, 135x6, 145x6, 145x6
rest ~2-3 mins between sets.
Chins / Pullups, B.wtx5, B.wtx5, B.wtx5
rest ~2-3 mins between sets, when you can add reps do it. Add weight when you can do 3x10.
BB Row (or DB row) 3 sets of 8 add weight each set, rest ~2-3 mins
Shrug 3x12, rest~2-3mins
Abs, short rests i.e. ~1min
Wed (B)
Bench press, 100x12, 115x8, 125x6, 135x6, 135x6 rest ~2-3 mins between sets.
Dips, B.wtx5, B.wtx5, B.wtx5, rest ~2-3 mins between sets, when you can add reps do it. Add weight when you can do 3x10.
Stiff leg DL, 3x12, rest~2-3mins
Calf raise 3x15, rest ~2-3 mins.
Fri do (A)again
next Mon do the (B) and so on.
The main point is to stimulate a large amount of muscle mass, rest long enough to allow you to recover strength so you can build more, more strength will also mean more muscle.
Think about it, if you keep the body fat you have (maybe even add a couple of pounds) BUT add 10-20lb of muscle (long term) your bodyfat% will go down.
I wish you every success.