Hardgainers. Nutrient micromanagers. Guys “stuck” on a muscle-gain plateau. What do these people have in common?
Answer: They’re trapped in their current state. Last month they weighed 180 pounds. Next month they’ll weigh 180 pounds. Next year they’ll weigh… you guessed it.
They’re training hard and eating a dutifully calculated surplus of calories. So what’s the underlying problem? Bad genetics?
No. Back up. The problem is this: they only think they’re eating the right amount of calories to trigger muscle gain!
Let’s fix that right now.
Lowery Does Mass
Last year when I was early in my mass phase, exacting calculations were getting me nowhere. The myriad variables of life conspired against me and the excess calories I thought I was providing my muscles weren’t truly excess. No surplus. No new muscle.
Regardless of predicted gains or beliefs, physics (energy-in versus energy-out) stubbornly persisted to hold true. There were only two possibilities:
- my energy expenditure was higher than predicted
or
- my calorie intake surplus was lower than I thought.
I was forced to acknowledge something my old college physics professor used to derisively say to some of us physiology guys: “Biology is messy, but physics is perfect.”
To solve my problem, my buddy “Fortress” Fortney and I took what I knew about a phenomenon called dynamic metabolism and came up with a plan for the summer and fall.
By Thanksgiving, I had gone from 200 pounds (at about 15 percent fat) to 216 pounds with a very similar percent body fat. Lifts were clearly much heavier and muscles bigger. For the first time in years, I’d gained a large amount of quality weight in just a few months. That’s what a mass season should be like!
Now, using what I learned, let’s talk about how you can put on 10 to 15 quality pounds and break that plateau!
The Secret Life of Dynamic Metabolism
Chances are, your calorie calculations for mass gain have failed you. Why? Because of dynamic metabolism.
When a bodybuilder calculates his metabolic rate and caloric needs with a formula like the Harris Benedict equation or the Mifflin equation, there are assumptions being made.
First off, the use of simply body weight in those calculations, rather than fat-free mass, is bound to lead to problems. Second, those formulae aren’t made for bodybuilders and hardcore athletes.
But here’s the big one: Those calculations assume stasis. That is, the number that results for resting metabolic rate ? which gets up-calculated with activity factors ? is presumed constant from week to week. If height, weight, and age are fixed, so is the calorie needs result. That’s incorrect!
Factors like thyroid and leptin changes are simply considered “normal” and “healthy” whereas they actually rise and fall fairly quickly. And there are no accommodations in those equations for other life variables. Activities of daily living change (non-exercise physical activity), training performance ebbs and flows, psychology and moods undulate, work stress waxes and wanes, and sleep patterns vary.
Using the Harris-Benedict formula, a bigger-than-usual, 5’9", 198 pound, 26 year-old guy needs about 2008 calories just to stay functional. He needs 3214 if we factor in his moderate activity. Now let’s add 400 extra calories of “surplus” so can build one pound of muscle per week. Total: 3613.4 kcal needed for progress.
So, if this lifter eats 3,613 calories every day, he’s guaranteed gains, right? Nope! Not when he subtracts calorie-draining variables from his 400-calorie surplus!
What kind of variables? Well, take off about 200 calories for his hyped metabolism due to recent weight gain (see below), another 200 for muscle soreness, and perhaps another 50 for greater work done in the gym. Now this lifter is struggling to break even on the calorie front, let alone gain mass.
Add to this an appetite that’s probably no larger than before and he needs some help.
A good example is a study from Leibel and colleagues (1995), who demonstrated clearly that daily energy expenditure rises significantly, 15-20% above baseline, after a 10% weight gain: “…an unanticipated increase in energy expenditure that countered the gain in body fat.” (McArdle W., 2010)
Metabolic rate actually “uncouples” from body weight or even from fat-free mass. In other words, those carefully-calculated 400 surplus calories our sample guy is getting are really far less. His speedier metabolism has chewed through many of them.
Additionally, a higher-calorie intake encourages less fatigue in the gym, an element of injury resistance and more motivation to train. Workouts become more intense and/or longer. A guy may not notice or may simply be pleased at the bump in strength, viewing it as a positive. Ironically, this extra work further reduces any true energy surplus toward substantial muscular gains.
And don’t overlook this fact: a recently-grown body is larger and thus takes more work (and energy) to carry around all day. It may not be a huge amount, but imagine carrying a backpack around with you containing a ten-pound dumbbell. Walking around town or campus, in the gym, everywhere, the extra calorie expenditure adds up.
Finally, recurring muscle soreness has a calorie cost itself. Did you know muscle soreness on a whole-body level carries an element of hypermetabolism not totally unlike some injuries and even minor surgeries? Big eating can lead to big lifts and thus big soreness. It’s yet another calorie drain that the magic formulas don’t account for.