[quote]Mahoney wrote:
[quote]bilski wrote:
[quote]Mahoney wrote:
If you really think being quick, which is the by product of speed work is part of the equation please explain to me why powerlifters peak in their mid 30s-early 40s when it is common knowledge that they’re not at their fastest. Just look how olympic lifters, football players, and even track runners are all out of their prime by 30 because speed deteriorates with age. How fast or quick you are has minimal impact on how strong you are.[/quote]
They may have slower absolute speed, but that is not what we are talking about.I can still blow past 20 year olds with a crossover dribble at 48, but i can’t reach any sort of top speed on a fast break. I can move 80% of my max faster than I could at 30. The combination of strength and speed is what is important…Shot putters need more speed than strength with a lighter implement. The more weight is being lifted the more strength is the limiting factor, but you still must have speed in the equation. You don’t need Usain Bolt speed, but you can’t be a marathon runner either…If you are already super explosive then you don’t have to focus on it, but you can’t totally ignore it forever or you will lose it…trust me.[/quote]
What we are talking about is rate of force development. Science and Practice of Strength Training by Zatsiorsky which is a well respected book and even recommended by Louie himself talks about how if an athletes max squat improved and his jump did not then rate of force development was the limiting factor, not maximal muscular strength.
No where does it say in the whole book that if your rate of force of development improves your 1RM or maximal muscular strength will improve. My first post was a picture of what Zatsiorsky suggest for maximal strength and it also doesn’t include speed work. Your cross over and self perceived speed on 80% are bad examples of why you think speed work works. I suggest you take a break from your mind and look into science books on the study of strength training and come back with a legit argument for the good of this forum. [/quote]
I’m quite familiar with it and many many others… I’ve spent my 10,000 hours and a degree in Exercise Physiology studying these very topics. I didn’t say that speed training is used to increase maximal strength - it is used to increase ROFD. The deadlift is the example I gave prior because it is a concentric only movement that operates without the stretch reflex of the squat or bench press. I also broadly defined speed work to make sure there was no confusion that a dynamic effort day is the be all and end all. On the contrary, I find that the inclusion of many methods included higher rep work can be helpful. I think everyone should try out new things and see what works for them… Many many powerlifters swear by it and many don’t. Their are many very smart and educated people in the business and most find it useful to some degree. Furthermore, I pointed out the training programs of the best raw deadlifters use lower percent of their RPM with the intent and focus on speed. Lifting weights above 90% for all of your training is not optimal, so 'speed" training is one option used to fill in the gap to get you to the optimal stimulation neccessary to get stronger. I’ll try and be specific from here on to why there is a direct carry over…I am by no way saying that you are wrong - nothing here is Law or proven fact, I’m simply saying that there is both empirically and scientifically plenty of proof that this type of training can be benifically for more than one reason
Letâ??s look at certain aspects of training, including training for Rate of Force Development (RFD) and Strength. Firstly, maximal strength builds the foundation for all other forms of strength including explosive power. Itâ??s also been said that â??maximal strength is regarded as a pre-requisite for high-movement speed. Itâ??s impossible for athletes to generate a large force in a fast movement if they canâ??t develop similar or even greater force values in a slow motionâ?? (Zatsiorsky and Kramer). So, the stronger you are in relation to your bodyweight (relative strength), the more potential you have to be powerful. This goes for running, punching, kicking, throwing and jumping etc, however â??to be a strong athlete does not mean to be a power athlete.â?? (Zatsiorsky and Kramer)
A beginner can increase their strength very quickly, mainly due to their CNS (central nervous system) becoming more efficient. Fundamentally when they first start out, the new trainee may only be able to recruit half of their motor units within their muscle. Over time, and with proper strength training, their CNS will start to be able to recruit more motor units, therefore becoming stronger and more powerful.
The rate of force development (speed), is another aspect of power. The faster you are, the more explosive youâ??ll become. So what is speed and how do you develop it? As Zatsiorsky and Kramer state: â??If the time available for force development is (only) short, RFD is more important than maximal strength. So youâ??ll need to enhance not only maximal strength, but also dynamic strength (the force developed at a high velocity of movement)â??
Rate of force development (ROFD) is probably the most important and under-recognized area of applied science pertaining to strength training and athletics. ROFD essentially refers to the speed at which force can be produced. Aside from those sports requiring very precise movements (such as gymnastics and ballet), I canâ??t think of a single example in athletics or lifting that wouldnâ??t benefit from a faster ROFD. A faster ROFD results in quicker, more explosive movements and gets the bar moving sooner.
Letâ??s take a look at an example. Letâ??s say two people (lifter A and lifter B) are attempting a 500-lb deadlift. Both are capable of producing 500 lbs of force, but lifter A has a significantly faster ROFD. It may take lifter A two seconds to produce enough force to get the bar moving off the floor and four seconds to lock it out at the top. Lifter B, with an inferior ROFD, takes four seconds to get the bar moving off the floor and six seconds to get it to his knees. He reaches failure before locking out at the top.
As with most things in strength training, thereâ??s a neural explanation. On a neural level, ROFD means that typically high threshold motor units (MU) are recruited at an earlier absolute time. I emphasize earlier absolute time as the relative time defined as the recruitment relative to other motor units (recruitment order). It stays the same in slow and fast ROFD contractions (1). Slow twitch MU are recruited prior to fast twitch MU.
Despite popular belief, fast twitch MU are rarely (essentially never) active unless all slow twitch MU are active, and even if this was possible, it would not be desirable. Slow twitch MU produce force, and fast twitch MU produce more force. Together, slow and fast twitch MU produce more force than either could individually. In both types of MU, decreasing the absolute threshold time has significant implications on the amount of force produced.
High threshold MU can produce more force per stimulus than lower threshold MU. Therefore, when high threshold MU are active along with low threshold MU, more absolute force can be produced. Greater recruitment in a shorter amount of time increases the intramuscular tension more rapidly.
While you may be familiar with the idea of intramuscular tension, you may not have a clear understanding of its role in the initiation of movement. Typically, when the contractile elements of a muscle begin to produce force, the elastic elements of the muscle begin to lengthen. However, movement does not occur yet. It is not until the elastic elements of the muscle stretch sufficiently to increase the stiffness of the muscle that movement occurs.
The classic example is stretching a rubber band. When the rubber band is loose, the stiffness expressed across it is quite low. When the rubber band is stretched taut, the stiffness expressed across it is much higher. As a result, the time to reach peak force is dependent on the time course of this interaction between the contractile and elastic elements of a muscle. By having more motor neurons innervating the muscle fibers of any given muscle fire together, the stiffness of these elastic elements can be increased more rapidly, allowing a shorter latency between the initiation of force and the initiation of movement. This also allows subsequently recruited MU to capitalize on the stiffness created by MU that have been previously activated, increasing the total muscular force rapidly.