[quote]SexMachine wrote:
I disagree that that’s [coercive diplomacy] what you’re advocating. [/quote]
“In contrast to either war or the “quick, decisive military strategy,” which George described as a military strategy that aimed to negate adversary capabilities to contest what is at stake, coercive diplomacy is a political-diplomatic strategy that aims to influence an adversary’s will or incentive structure. It is a strategy that combines threats of force, and, if necessary, the limited and selective use of force in discrete and controlled increments, in a bargaining strategy that includes positive inducements. The aim is to induce an adversary to comply with one’s demands, or to negotiate the most favorable compromise possible, while simultaneously managing the crisis to prevent unwanted military escalation.” (Jack S. Levy. Deterrence and Coercive Diplomacy: The Contributions of Alexander George)
"It might be wise for the United States to resign itself to Iran’s development of nuclear weapons and to focus on deterring the Islamic Republic from ever using them. But U.S. leaders have explicitly rejected that course of action. “Make no mistake: a nuclear-armed Iran is not a challenge that can be contained,” U.S. President Barack Obama told the UN General Assembly last September. “And that’s why the United States will do what we must to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon.” U.S. officials have also made it clear that they consider direct military action to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon an extremely unattractive option, one to be implemented only as a regrettable last resort.
In practice, then, that leaves only two tools for dealing with Iran’s advancing nuclear program: threats and promises, the melding of which the political scientist Alexander George labeled “coercive diplomacy.” To succeed in halting Iran’s progress toward a bomb, the United States will have to combine the two, not simply alternate between them. It must make credible promises and credible threats simultaneously – an exceedingly difficult trick to pull off. And in this particular case, the difficulty is compounded by a number of other factors: the long history of intense mutual mistrust between the two countries; the U.S. alliance with Iran’s archenemy, Israel; and the opacity of Iranian decision-making" (Robert Jervis. Getting to Yes With Iran:
The Challenges of Coercive Diplomacy)
[quote]
In short, sanctions have been ineffective and were systematically bypassed by a spidersweb of front companies [/quote]
Your argument simply does not align with the available econometric data. According to Kenneth Katzman, a specialist in Middle Eastern affairs employed by the Congressional Research Service, sanctions against Iran in response to its opaque nuclear program have had a devastating effect on the Iranian economy. He writes that in “2012-2013, the loss of revenues from oil, coupled with the cut-off of Iran from the international banking system, caused a sharp drop in the value of Iran’s currency, the rial; [raising] inflation to over 50%.” (Kenneth Katzman. Iranian Sanctions)
[quote]
diplomatic efforts have been a complete failure; Iran has used them to cynically spin out the time and gain concessions. [/quote]
And from the Obama administration’s perspective the negotiations with Iran are a charade. Obama being, fundamentally hostile to the state of Israel and [/b]determined to avoid aiding or participating in any military action against Iran[/b].
I disagree that diplomacy has been a complete failure. I have a difficult time understanding why you and Pat seem to be inherently hostile to it as a tool of foreign policy in regard to Iran. That Obama is “fundamentally hostile” to Israel is a bold claim that requires bold evidence. Obama has a cooler relationship with Israel than his predecessor, but to equate that to hostility is a stretch. Are you aware that the U.S. replenished Israeli munitions during the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict? That was not a reflexive DOD policy, but one that required executive action. Obama has made it clear on numerous occasions that a nuclear Iran is an unacceptable outcome, and one that the United States is willing to prevent through military action.
Wendy R. Sherman - Under Secretary for Political Affairs. Remarks at a symposium on P5+1 Iran nuclear negotiations
"To begin, I’d like to simply emphasize how important the P5+1 negotiations are. An Iran equipped with nuclear arms would add an unacceptable element of instability and danger to a part of the globe that already has a surplus of both. If Tehran had such a weapon, other countries in the region might well pursue the same goal, generating a potentially catastrophic arms race, intensifying the sectarian divide that is a major source of Middle East tension, and undermining the global nonproliferation regime that President Obama has consistently sought to reinforce.
That is why the President has pledged to ensure that Iran will not acquire a nuclear weapon. Our preference is to achieve this goal by diplomatic means. But make no mistake. Our bottom line is unambiguous, crystal clear, and, quite frankly, written in stone: Iran will not, shall not obtain a nuclear weapon.
A major step in the right direction of that pursuit was taken last January when we began implementing a negotiating framework called the Joint Plan of Action. In return for limited sanctions relief, Iran committed while talks are underway to freeze and even roll back key components of its nuclear activities. Specifically, Iran has halted the expansion of its overall enrichment capacity; put a cap on its stockpile of low-enriched uranium hexafluoride; stopped the production of uranium enriched to 20 percent; agreed not to make further advances at the Arak heavy water reactor; and opened the door to unprecedented daily access for international inspectors to the facilities at Natanz and Fordow.
At the time the Joint Plan was announced, many observers expressed profound doubt that Iran would abide by its commitments. But according to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran has done what it promised to do. The result is a nuclear program that is more constrained and transparent than it has been in many years. In turn, the P5+1 has fulfilled its commitment to provide limited sanctions relief. More extensive relief will come when and only when we are able to arrive at a comprehensive deal that addresses the concerns of the world community. Such a plan, if fully implemented, would give confidence that Iran’s nuclear program will be exclusively peaceful and would enable the Iranian people to look forward to a much brighter future."
What reasonable and informed individual could take issue with the above?
Political realism is not a theory of international relations, but a broader philosophical school of thought. Which realist typology am I going against, specifically? One cannot be a realist if they do not support a preventative strike against Iran at the present time? What ideology am I espousing? I have written numerous times that a nuclear Iran is not in the interest of the United States. We disagree what incentives Iran to seek nuclear capability. In addition, we disagree about U.S. policy to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear weapons state; however, we both believe that Iran must not be allowed to become nuclear. If coercive diplomacy fails to dissuade Iran from seeking the bomb, I have no qualms with a prudently planned air campaign against its nuclear facilities and related delivery systems. A ground war is out of the question, however.