[quote]RatHunter wrote:
Actually, Croesus went to the Oracle at Delphi and was told “If Croesus crossed the Halys, a great empire shall be brought down”. Unfortunately, that empire turned out to be his. Croesus launched a full campaign into Persian terrority, he didn’t cross the river just for a visit lol.
Lydia is considered more Greek because according to mythology, Heracles served Lydia’s ruler for some time and there he fathered children. From these children came a Heraclid dynasty of kings that claim a direct line from Heracles (much like Sparta). So yes, I would consider Lydia “west”.
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Yeah, I know about the Delphic prophesy, and yes, I realize that he didn’t just go for a visit. My point was that he crossed a river on the Lydian border, made a short incursion into Persian territory, and was forced to retreat. When he disbanded his army for winter (as was the custom in ancient times), Cyrus launched a full scale assault and annexed the entire kingdom of Lydia.
And please don’t try to make Croesus out to be a “western aggressor” (or even “western.” He spoke Anatolian, and worshipped different gods than the Greeks (including one that demanded sacrifices of puppies). Overall, Lydian culture was decidedly more oriental than Greek… although Hellenic culture did make inroads under the reign of Alyattes, Croesus’ father).
It is my belief that Croesus saw in the upstart king Cyrus (who had just led a successful coup d’etat against the Medes in Persia) an ambitious, land-grabbing tyrant who would soon attempt to bring Lydia and all the lands to the west under Persian control (indeed, the Persian Medes had already grabbed all of the Lydian territories up to the Halys river in Alyattes’ time). So Croesus embarked on his own (somewhat ill-advised) campaign to expand his eastern frontier, before Cyrus could himself invade.
One interesting footnote about Cyrus: Shortly after the capture of Lydia, the Spartans sent an envoy to Sardis to see Cyrus for themselves. Upon seeing the Spartan ambassadors, Cyrus reportedly sneered and said, “who are the Spartans?!”
His empire was to find out who the Spartans were soon enough.