Pretty much off-topic, but I just wanted to chime in and say, this stuff totally fascinates me… I don’t remember learning any of it in school (that’s not to say they didn’t try to teach it to us), but I’m getting the itch to hit the ol’ library and get me some books on this topic!
Thanks for giving me something else to try and squeeze into my free-time deficit. :^)
Bob
[quote]tGunslinger wrote:
btm62 wrote:
Alexander was a brilliant tactician and had more than a little luck. I believe research will show superior weaponry and armor also.
I got all this from the history channel special I watched the other night. I love that channel.
Alexander did change Greek warfare quite a bit.
He was the first Greek warlord to make heavy use of Cavalry. “Classic” Greece (Athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc.) is very hilly and mountainous, and isn’t good for horses, so the Greeks used primarily infantry in their militaries. Macedonia to the north had lots of plains and flatlands. Alexander raised the first powerful Greek Cavalry and used it to devastating effect.
Second, Alexander altered the Greek Phalanx. He gave Hoplites much longer spears so that Hoplites four or five ranks deep could still reach the enemy with their spears. Before, only the first two ranks of Hoplites could reach the enemy while the rest of them just pushed and waited. Now, five ranks of Hoplites could reach the enemy with their spears. This only increased the effieciency of the phalanx.
If you see pictures of Alexander’s phalanxes, they were literally walls of spears. You could barely see the soldiers through the spearheards.
Third, Alexander pioneered the use of siege engines. Before Alexander, a siege meant that an army would surround a city, cut off the supply lines, and wait for the city to submit or starve. Alexander was the first to say “Hey, why don’t I just tear down the city walls and storm into the city with my army?”
Many military campaigns stalled because an Army had reached a city and was held to a draw. Winter would come, or the army would get tired of waiting, and the invading army went home. Defenders knew that if they could defend the city walls, they might be able to outlast ANY army.
Alexander changed that. He simply destroyed the city walls, and then stormed in with his army.
This was a HUGE development in warfare. City walls were the final protection; armies and citizens knew that if all failed, their walls would hold. By destroying the walls, Alexander took away the defender’s final defense. It was truly was like a metaphoric rape of a city.
If not even the walls could stop Alexander, then what could?
His new-and-improved phalanxes assured superiority on the ground. The Macedonian cavalry assured superiority on the army’s flanks. The siege engines assured that not even running and hiding could save you from Alexander.
THAT is how Alexander conquered the world.[/quote]