WHAT WORKED AND WHAT DID NOT
I’m not a coach, nor am I a real training and nutrition specialist. I just want to share a few thoughts on what has worked for me in my life as a bodybuilder…
TRAINING
What did not work?
- Low-frequency training / HIT training
I tried this several times and took a very methodical approach to evaluate my success on the programs. I tried working each muscle group once every 7, 8, 10 days. This really didn’t work for me. Not in terms of mass gain and not in terms of strength gain.
When I did HIT/Mentzer kind of routine with a low frequency, I usually hit the wall pretty quickly and stopped making gains altogether. My body can’t tolerate too much “adrenal stress” or max-effort training. I can’t train to failure for more than a couple of weeks.
Bill Pearl once said that he never trained to failure, that he always left a bit energy in the gym to find it aging when he returned the next day.
When I did low frequency training with higher volumes and lower effort (i.e. not going to failure) I didn’t really progress either.
I am not saying that I never max out. I like those all-out sets from time to time as well. But I use them only infrequently and use intensity techniques like forced reps very, very seldom.
- Routines with many, many exercises
I never progressed on routines with 8, 10, 12, or 15 different exercises per session. I lose focus, and it seems the volume per exercise is too low. I also never really saw the reason to do 7 different chest exercises, and I don’t really believe in “sculpting” a muscle is possible (like "preacher curls give your biceps peak, etc.)
What did work?
- Higher frequency training with lots of volume
By far my favourite way of training. I made/make the best progress when I work a muscle group several times per week. But I sure almost never go to failure. I hardly ever grind!
Take pressing muscles for example: I often hit chest and shoulders on Monday with lots of bench pressing and push pressing. I do another chest workout for those muscles on Thursday, followed by two shoulder workouts on Friday (morning and evening) and an arm workout which contains a lot of sets of dips on Saturday. Often I also do some floor presses and band work for the pressing muscles on Saturdays, too.
But, e.g., the Saturday pressing is fairly light. I might do 10-12 sets of floor presses with 2 reps per set and a weight I could easily press 3-4 times on my last set. I do it just to add some volume for chest.
That has worked best for me in terms of both mass and strength gains.
- Focus on a few exercises
I found it to be much, much more productive to do 2-4 exercises per session, but really “milk those dry”. This is something I learned from Charles Poliquin many years ago. In an interview he proposed that hardgainers should, e.g., just do dips and pull-ups in a session and nothing but, come back a few days later and do squats and hamstring curls only, etc.
CARDIO
What did not work?
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Too many HIIT sessions
I did up to 7 sessions a week in preps. But that really burned me out. I believe the impact on my nervous system is just too big. HIIT is just too taxing when overdone.
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Fasted cardio
I am talking about completely fasted cardio, i.e. getting out of bed and jumping on the stationary bike. I just lose too much muscle doing that. Somehow, this really starts a very catabolic cascade. It’s not even depending on the type of cardio I do; it just costs me too much muscle.
What did work?
- A mix of HIIT and low-intensity / steady-state sessions
This has always worked best for me. In contest prep I usually start with 1 HIIT session per week. After 4 weeks or so I add another session of 45 min steady-state cardio and then build up from there “as needed”.
I usually end up doing 2 HIIT sessions and 2 sessions at a low intensity.
For me, there is nothing magical about any type of cardio. Its main purpose is to increase energy turnover. That’s why I always try to do as much NEPA as possible (non-exercise physical activity). This includes walking to the store instead of taking the car, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, etc.
I also like to add 15 minutes of comfortable walking on the treadmill after my workouts in a prep. Very low intensity, just to increase energy turnover a bit.
I believe keeping energy turnover high is also very valuable if you are trying to gain weight!
Take 2 identical twins and put both on a mass gaining plan. One does only do his weight lifting sessions and eats 3000 cals a day, which, in this example would be 500 above maintenance. The other twin does lots of NEPA, some steady-state cardio, one HIIT session, mobility work, active recovery, etc. and therefore has to eat 5000 cals per day to be 500 cals above maintenance. After a few months the two bodies will look very different. At least I believe so.
Especially in a prep: move as much as possible without exceeding your capacity to recover.
- Semi-fasted cardio
My favourite way to do cardio is first thing in the morning, but with some nutrients in my system. I often wake up at 4:40, have a cup of coffee with a scoop of whey protein isolate mixed in and jump on my ergometer at 5:00. During the cardio session I sip on a BCAA-drink (20-25g of BCAA).
This way, I still profit from the carb depleted state (not exactly depleted, but at least I did not eat carbs for 7-10 hours or so prior to the session) and don’t lose muscle.
Much the opposite, I found some cardio with whey/BCAA to be very valuable also in mass gaining phases.
NUTRITION
What did not work?
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Very low fat diets
Those were very popular in the early 90s. Never worked for me. Neither for mass gaining phases, nor for contest preps. Much less for preps! I lose so much muscle mass when I go too low in fat in a prep.
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Very low carb diets
I sometimes feel like many people believe that carbs are evil and to be avoided like the plague. If I go too low in carbs for too long, I lose much muscle mass. The classical 5 day low carb / refeed on weekends plan does not work for me.
I believe that in a prep, we should eat as much carbs as we can tolerate and still make progress with. For me, that’s 50g on 3 days of the week and much more than that on the rest of the days (100-200 on moderate carb days, 400-600g on high carb days).
What did work?
- Macronutrient cycling
I wrote about this in one of my first posts in this thread. For me, the best way to go both when trying to gain mass and in a prep.
SUPPLEMENTATION
What did not work?
- Most supplements, no matter how well-advertised
I must have tried dozens of different supps over the last 20 years. Few of them really worked. Most of them worked for the companies selling them by means of revenues.
What did work?
- Proper peri-workout nutrition
Supplementation around the workout with the right stuff is crucial. My progress really spiked when I started to focus on peri-wo nutrition. Fast acting proteins, the right carbs and maybe some other key ingredients like BCAAs, Leucine, Creatine, Citrulline Malate, Beta Alanine are really worth the money. I focus on those supps and spend most of my supplement budget on peri-wo food.
By far my favourite staples in my supplement program are Biotestâ??s Surge Workout Fuel and Surge Recovery, Finibars and Grow!
Combine proper peri-workout nutrition with a decent protein powder.
If I have the money, I add some greens supp and fish oil to that.
Donâ??t even think about the latest fat burner or testosterone booster before you covered the above.
CONTEST PREPS
What did not work?
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What I wrote above about the fasted cardio, too much HIIT, very low fat diets
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Switching to high reps “for definition”
Best way to lose muscle: Gain a lot of strength and muscle mass by working with heavy weights and then switch to a contest prep routine with 15-20 reps per set on restricted calories. Enough said.
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Going to high with my weight in the off-season.
This approach is still popular. Bulk up in the off-season and then lose 50 pounds of fat for the contest. I am a natural bodybuilder and really can’t do that. I just seem to lose almost all of the gained muscle with the ton of fat I have to shed.
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Radical carb depletion / carb reloading approaches
Never worked. I’ll have to write a separate post about the last week before a contest.
What did work?
- Keeping my routine the same
I don’t distinguish anymore between off- and in-season training. My weight lifting routine looks more or less the same up to the very last week before a contest. This has helped me tremendously keeping as much muscle as possible or even keeping gaining strength up to the contest.
The parameters I change in a prep are diet (mainly caloric intake, I keep cycling macros) and cardio/energy turnover.
Of course I could go on and on writing, but you won’t go on and on reading 
Cheers, PA