The idea drug abuse is something new to society is a myth. Even before the arrival of oxycontin, MScontin was subject to rampant, ranpant abuse.
Before then, morphine (injected), opium, heroin, alcohol and coke (particuarly the former four) caused huge issues for society.
In the very early 1900s the average American consumed two bottles of hard liquor per week (and the bottles were bigger than they are today). Drugs have always been a problem in America, and prohibition was passed for good reason (even if it doesn’t work).
You are correct in that it’s not the drugs themselves. People are unhappy/desparate in society and therefore resort to drug abuse. This started around the late very early 1900s.
With time however, more potent/destructive substances were synthesised that could be abused by those desparate enough to abuse them. That and treatment was deferred to the criminal justice system as opposed to rehabilitation
The idea that crack was predominantly a black thing is also a myth. At it’s height of use, 30-35% of crack cocaine users were black despite blacks only making up 13% of the population, an over representation for sure as crack was deliberately introduced to black communities… but as of current, young white men are statistically more likely to take up smoking crack relative to black men.
However arrests for possession and prison sentences associated with the use of crack cocaine =/= 90% black (not anymore, this was the 80’s). Crack itself was bad enough, but the mass incarceration mediated even more damage.
If the increase in drug use and overdose could simply be attributed to a breakdown in traditional institutions, I would point to the early 1900s and ask why rates of alcoholism and morphine addiction were as high as they were.
The increase in people dying is due to fentanyl and carfentanil hitting the streets in the USA. If you didn’t have fentanyl and carfentanil, the overdose rates would be way lower…