I don’t really think of it as a deload anymore, but as a period of “overreaching” followed by a period of “underreaching”. There’s an average amount of work you can recover from, and you spend some time doing “too much” and then an equal amount of time doing “too little”.
For much of the past year I used double progression, which essentially has deloads built in. When you hit the top of the rep range and add weight, the number of reps resets and overall load (weight x reps) goes down. A literal deload.
I have a few lifts where I’ve continued to progress every session for a year now. Genuinely surprised it’s continued like that.
The main ranges I’ve used are 5-10, 6-12, 10-20. All of these double the amount of reps before restarting.
I still train most accessories this way.
More recently I’ve been playing with some ideas from Sheiko and Pavel.
Pavel has a program that’s basically just a series of linear progression cycles with 5s. You work to a new 5RM then reset to 70% of that and repeat. Keeps you within roughly 65-90% 1RM, and you never overreach too much. First couple sessions after the reset serve as a “deload”.
Sheiko introduced me to the idea of variability. There are “high load”, “medium load” and “low load” days. Every session is different than last time, and random. If it was high last time, it will be randomly low or medium this time.
With 3 sessions a week, you end up with some weeks where it’s high-medium-high (overreaching) and others that are low-medium-low (underreaching). So with the randomization you get hard weeks and “deload” weeks. Not really planned, but just probabilistic.
So I’m now using a combination of those. Volume changes randomly, but the weight follows linear progression cycles (per lift).
Combined, it ends up being a fairly complex undulating load, with some days and weeks hard to recover. Other weeks help your body play catchup.
Deloads “just happen”. As long as the averages aren’t too intense, the whole thing is manageable.
Here’s a couple graphs. Some people/coaches use tonnage as a proxy for “recoverability”, though I’m starting to lean toward INOL as a better measure. Graphs of both.
Quantitatively, I’ve added 40 pounds to my 5RM in 9 weeks. Diet has been a moderate to hard deficit for the last half. Some weeks were pretty rough, but on average, not too bad.
I admit, this is far too mathy for some.