Affirmative Action

[quote]BostonBarrister wrote:
SATs aren’t the problem. Fixing the education system is the problem. We can argue more about solutions, but the fact that people in poor and/or dangerous school districts are largely undereducated is the problem.
[/quote]

Absolutely. I agree.

I’m sorry, but do you honestly think that Elite law schools are an example to expand to colleges in general? Have you actually been to one of them and saw the environment there?

Where’s the part of that study that allows some black students to describe how they were treated there? Give them a chance to say why do they think they failed?

Do you really think that if AA went away ANYONE would care about fixing the education system? Newsflash: our education system is so bad and so broken because nobody cares to change it. It’s too much work and money, and there’s no political will, nor there will be anytime soon - and not because AA is there (or not).

Again, AA is far from perfect, but at least it’s better than nothing - because nothing is what you would get if we stopped AA.

The main general problems with the public school system are:

  1. Liberals AND Conservatives in government are willing to sacrifice kids education for political agendas.

  2. Kids don’t value education. The same thing happened in communist countries when they became democratic. The average kid in Romania has gone from spending 3 hours a night on homework to 25 minutes.

  3. Parents see highschool as the big college qualifying game.

  4. Teachers see it as an essential crusade to fight for every dollar and perk thinking that it will improve ed. in the long term. I have often found the best teachers respond that they are paid fairly, while I get a lazy-ass tell ask me “don’t you think teachers should get paid more.” It would be dangerous to tell them the truth: Yes I do, but they wouldn’t be the same teachers we have now! Although quite honestly 1 on 1 probably 60% of the teachers I know are real good, but they get the mob NEA mentality.

Sorry that’s all I have time for now. My 30 minute duty free lunch break is over.

It’s not better than nothing if it is a net negative. Well intentioned or not, if it’s creating more failures than would otherwise be there, it is a problem irrespective of whether anything is ever done to the rest of the system.

That said, I have a feeling that canceling affirmative action would galvanize support for another solution – whether it would be another band-aid program like affirmative action that allows people to feel good while ignoring the real problem would remain to be seen.

OK I want EVERYONE to answer 1 SIMPLE QUESTION. Whether you think AA is still needed or no longer needed. If you think it was never needed you can write that on a note to your psychiatrist, your dadday, Adolf or all of the above.

QUESTION: What objective standard in society should allow or should have allowed us, a nation, to know when Affirmative action is/was no longer needed?

[quote]BostonBarrister wrote:
The problem is taking students who are not prepared as well and then asking them to compete, on a blind-grading basis, against students who are better prepared.
[/quote]

I’m honestly shocked not only that you really think that a) Grades are that good at reflecting who is prepared and who isn’t but MOST OF ALL, that b) you actually are completely oblivious to the blatant racism that goes on the Ivy League schools.

Have you considered - for a split second - that maybe, just MAYBE - at least in some cases black students fail because both the professors and the other students make their best effort at making their life miserable? That if they were exactly the same person, but just with a fair skin, they would be able to succeed?

And before you even hint at saying that’s black people victimizing themselves, it’s not. It’s reality, and it happens every day.

[quote]
That said, I have a feeling that canceling affirmative action would galvanize support for another solution – [/quote]

That’s the most naive thing I’ve read in a long, long time…

Yes, AA is a band-aid. No, it does not have a negative net result. And people will ALWAYS ignore the real problem - which is a corrupt, absurd education system in an endemically racist society - because fixing it would require people to move from their comfortable place and spend effort, time, money - and - worst of all - think and question their belief system!

Until, of course, they actually get bumped from their comfortable place by some unstoppable movement. Unfortunately I really don’t know when will this country see a leader that will be able to galvanize enough people to set that in motion. Especially considering that our country tends to have those kind of leaders pay with their life.

[quote]
BostonBarrister wrote:
The problem is taking students who are not prepared as well and then asking them to compete, on a blind-grading basis, against students who are better prepared.

hspder wrote:
I’m honestly shocked not only that you really think that a) Grades are that good at reflecting who is prepared and who isn’t [/quote]

That isn’t what I wrote. What I wrote was that together, SATs and grades provide a good indication of who is better prepared to succeed in a competitive educational environment.

[quote] hspder wrote:
but MOST OF ALL, that b) you actually are completely oblivious to the blatant racism that goes on the Ivy League schools. [/quote]

What makes you think there is blatant racism in Ivy League schools? Or in schools in general? Or between Ivy League Schools and regular schools? And who said I was referring to “Ivy League” schools? I was referring to top-tier schools.

I actually attended a top-tier (for me, this means Top-20 in the U.S. News & World Report overall rankings) law school, and I have friends who have attended may top-tier graduate schools (med school, business school, law school, etc.) – some of whom benefited from affirmative action. What is your experience with top-tier schools? Or, in the alternative, what sorts of studies do you have indicating a prevalence of racism at top-tier schools?

[quote] hspder wrote:
Have you considered - for a split second - that maybe, just MAYBE - at least in some cases black students fail because both the professors and the other students make their best effort at making their life miserable? That if they were exactly the same person, but just with a fair skin, they would be able to succeed? [/quote]

Have you considered an alternative? Have you considered that indications that minorities face greater challenges need not be proof of racism? Have you considered the logical law that just because “If A then B” does not mean “If B then A” – in this case, meaning that just because racism would cause a higher degree of minority failure does not mean that racism does cause a higher degree of minority failure. There are many possible causes, and I have offered some studies, and some logic, indicating that affirmative action could indeed be a root cause. You need to offer something with greater power than “racism could be the cause.” And I don’t mean a bald assertion that racism is the cause – I mean proof, either logical or from studies.

BTW, as far as your argument about professors, you’d have to come up with a pretty interesting Freudian subconscious theory to argue that the wildly liberal professors at most top-tier schools – who grade papers blind, let me re-emphasize (meaning without any names or student numbers to indicate the identity of the author) – somehow are actively working to ensure the failure of minority students – and don’t forget that most psychologists now think Freud was wrong in almost every particular.

[quote] hspder wrote:
And before you even hint at saying that’s black people victimizing themselves, it’s not. It’s reality, and it happens every day.[/quote]

That’s not what I said. That’s what you said.

What I said was that affirmative action is victimizing its intended beneficiaries.

[quote] BostonBarrister wrote:That said, I have a feeling that canceling affirmative action would galvanize support for another solution –

hspder wrote:That’s the most naive thing I’ve read in a long, long time… [/quote]

Really? Why is that? Especially when there is the political will to keep affirmative action programs in place, and especially when, in jurisdictions in which affirmative action has been removed as an option by ballot initiative or judicial action, they have experimented with other solutions?

You don’t think they got rid of preferences in the California or Texas state colleges, do you? They simply found a different way to enact them – definitely another band-aid, but possibly a more effective version, as the new preferences are not explicitly predicated on race (they are tending to focus on finding ways to preference specific high schools, which puts the focus more on the local school systems – this will be gamed, but for many reasons it is a preferable band aid – but it still won’t work as intended).

[quote] BostonBarrister wrote:
whether it would be another band-aid program like affirmative action that allows people to feel good while ignoring the real problem would remain to be seen.

hspder wrote:
Yes, AA is a band-aid. No, it does not have a negative net result. [/quote]

Evidence? Or is that just the hope?

'Cause it’s nice that it has good intentions, but that’s not enough to justify government sponsored racial preferences – and it surely isn’t good enough to justify harming the intended beneficiaries of those preferences.

[quote] hspder wrote:

And people will ALWAYS ignore the real problem - which is a corrupt, absurd education system in an endemically racist society - because fixing it would require people to move from their comfortable place and spend effort, time, money - and - worst of all - think and question their belief system![/quote]

The problem is an education system that underserves the poor. Education in poor white areas sucks. Education in poor Hispanic areas sucks. Education in poor Asian areas sucks. Education in poor black areas sucks. And education in poor racially diverse areas sucks.

From what I can see, part of the problem is funding, part of the problem is finding motivated teachers and part of the problem is the will and/or legal ability to impose proper discipline on the students. Each of these areas needs to be addressed.

[quote]hspder wrote:
Until, of course, they actually get bumped from their comfortable place by some unstoppable movement. Unfortunately I really don’t know when will this country see a leader that will be able to galvanize enough people to set that in motion. Especially considering that our country tends to have those kind of leaders pay with their life.[/quote]

A leader to take down the teachers’ unions would be an excellent start. A leader who will champion charter schools, which themselves eviscerate teachers’ unions, would be a very good thing as well – competition is key. Even if the government were to impose competition on schools without going to a charter system – something along the lines of the Swedish model that allows parents to choose schools and doesn’t impose a choice based upon locality – would be an improvement.

The comfortable place most people need to be thrown from is the knee-jerk reaction that blames racism for all the problems facing minorities. Half the problem these days comes from misguided attempts to help. Dispassionate analysis of the effectiveness of political sacred cows like affirmative action is a necessary first step toward solving the real, underlying problems.

Just want to correct a few things here. 1) Many states have complete, non-locality based open enrollment. 2) Charter schools would not eviscerate the teacher’s unions. In some cases, teachers have actually threatened school boards with leading a push to turn all schools in a district into charter schools. The threat totally cripples school boards bargaining power. 3) There is BIG competition between public schools for kids and dollars based on standardized tests. It hurts the schools in poor areas the most because schools in this state have objective test results mailed to parents by law and comparing them to other schools. It assumes that all schools have an equal number of intellectually capable students. It discourages teachers from teaching in schools with lower than average performing kids, and rewards schools for example for being in areas where poorer minority families have to move out because the cost of living goes up.
4) The problem is that the agenda of conservative politicians is to make the running of public schools fiscally impossible. For example, no child left behind adds hundreds of thousands of dollars on to what schools need to accomplish with mindless paperwork, and yet it provides no funding. The ONLY thing a district can do is lower the teacher to student ratio. I DON’T KNOW WHAT THE SOLUTION IS.

[quote] What is your experience with top-tier schools?
[/quote]

UC Berkeley, 4 years. Stanford, 6 years. (and yes, I’m a Ph.D). And that’s in SF Bay Area, who probably is one of the least racist environments in the World.

Yes, I got my degree(s) some time ago, but I still keep ties with both schools and I haven’t seen any changes (i.e., improvements).

I’m not naive enough to think such a study would even be possible, at least not a study that would rise up to my standards, i.e., exhaustive and credible. I could have done it myself it that was my field of study, but I know people who tried and paid for even trying.

So, I speak of empirical evidence - my experience as an observer (and of getting in trouble when I tried doing something about it) and many testimonies from friends and colleagues from diverse backgrounds. And I can tell you that Yale and Harvard, for example, are much worse now than Stanford or Berkeley are. They are truly white-boys clubs.

Of course. I’m willing to believe that some students that get in “thanks to AA” shouldn’t be there. Some. I’m just trying to tell you that you are not necessarily right in assuming racism has no part in the results you saw, and that AA has negative net effects.

Look, I’m not saying racism IS THE root cause. I’m saying I have seen a lot of situations where racism had a very negative impact on the ability of college students to succeed, and hence it can discredit in great part the results the study you mention show. Basically I’m saying that the study you mention is flawed because it doesn’t dig into that. At all. And if their excuse was that digging into that was impossible (because of backlash) they should not bother to put out a flawed study out.

Again, you over-simplify and are being naive. Professors don’t need to give lower grades to black students to have an impact. Just the way professors look at you or interact with you can have a negative effect. I don’t know how law school is, but when I was studying I needed constant interaction with professors - ask them questions, ask for advice, ideas, input. The fact that professors were so willing to interact with me had a dramatic positive effect on my achievements.

Since you’re so crazy for “proof”, here’s my testimony.

The way I’ve seen them treat black students was dramatically different - and if I tried and helped them (by answering their questions as I could) after class, I had to sneak and not let a professor see us or I’d get “punished” next time and not get my answers either (because now I was “with them”).

Yes, this was in America, in the SF Bay Area, not so long ago.

“Other solutions”? Do you call what they “experimented” with “other solutions”? Is just another band-aid, “other solutions”?

I give up. You’ll never get it. You prefer to rely on a flawed study just because it claims to be scientific. Fine. Maybe one of these days, when I’m bored I’ll come up with another “scientific” study saying the exact opposite. Apparently it does not need to be exhaustive or credible for you to believe.

You sure do like to oversimplify, don’t you? Only if it were that simple…

I posted a question back at 4:12. Anyone want to take a stab at it?

[quote]hspder wrote:
Again, you over-simplify and are being naive. Professors don’t need to give lower grades to black students to have an impact. Just the way professors look at you or interact with you can have a negative effect. I don’t know how law school is, but when I was studying I needed constant interaction with professors - ask them questions, ask for advice, ideas, input. The fact that professors were so willing to interact with me had a dramatic positive effect on my achievements.

Since you’re so crazy for “proof”, here’s my testimony.

The way I’ve seen them treat black students was dramatically different - and if I tried and helped them (by answering their questions as I could) after class, I had to sneak and not let a professor see us or I’d get “punished” next time and not get my answers either (because now I was “with them”).

Yes, this was in America, in the SF Bay Area, not so long ago.
[/quote]

Just to add personal experience to this, along with the interaction with professors being different, the interaction with other students was as well. There were many times (and by many, I would say MOST of the time) that old tests were an integral part of studying for a new exam. They were usually passed down between students who were friends with people above us. Often, I would ask around the night before or three days before if anyone had any old tests on the subject at hand. Usually the response was “Nope, haven’t seen any.” The night of the exam, like everyone else, I study my ass off. I walk into class the next morning for the exam, and there are 15-20 students studying copies of the exam, passing it around the room. Now, wait a second…I thought no one had any old exams? Anyone who doesn’t understand that is a little blind. I am not anti-social and I get along with most people…however, I was treated very much like an “outcast” at times and it was not because I did that to myself. Mind you, I started collecting my own exams and passing them down to black students who came into classes under me later. You have to start somewhere, right?

I could also get into how some of my professors acted as if they were completely afraid of me. I remember my pharmacology professor singling me out one day because I walked into class 5 minutes late. This was the first time this ever occurred yet he went on for over 5 minutes about how disrespectful that was. Mind you, 3 students who were regularly late walked in after his rant and not a word was said. I know, you will try your best to mentally create an excuse for all of this behavior, but it isn’t so much the larger things that affect the mental state of a student in school after college level (especially if they are the only black student like I was at the time) but rather all of the smaller things added together.

That means that all things are not equal. To disregard the experiences of others as you ONLY look at academic performance is like noticing a floating piece of ice, noting it as no bigger than an icecube while ignoring the iceberg beneath.

Now, I only pointed out a few negatives. There were more but I don’t want anyone to think that I only looked at the negatives in school. I didn’t. I tried to stay positive but only because I don’t quit.

[quote]mertdawg wrote:
QUESTION: What objective standard in society should allow or should have allowed us, a nation, to know when Affirmative action is/was no longer needed? [/quote]

That’s indeed a very good question…

I’ll say that until having AA makes no difference in the racial split of students made to college, it should be there.

So, to explain it another way, if with AA 10% of entrants are black, until 10% of entrants would also be black without AA, it should be there.

[quote]hspder wrote:
I’ll say that until having AA makes no difference in the racial split of students made to college, it should be there.

So, to explain it another way, if with AA 10% of entrants are black, until 10% of entrants would also be black without AA, it should be there.

[/quote]

But how does that let us know (when) its time to remove AA? Unless its removed, we can’t tell if 10% would be black without it right?

Anyway, the best I could come up with was that we would need to show that “equally qualified” black students get into the same colloges/positions as their white counterparts, with FEW (but not zero) civil suits needing to be filed to accomplish this. My theory here is that affirmative action (as denoted by the term affirmative as it applies to law) suggests that AA was/is a PRACTICAL NECESSITY, but not an ideal solution. The ideal solution would be to be able to guarentee individual rights through the courts and through strong sanctions of those who violate individual right, but that that was clearly a practical impossibility when AA started (What I’m saying is, that’s why the framers used the term Affirmative Action). Again, I keep coming back to the conjecture (in the logical sense of the word) that it is not the place of AA to inspire, empower or enrich. Those things can best be accomplished by other means. It was assumed that AA would do some of this, but it wasn’t its purpose. The purpose was to avoid a practical impossibility of dealing with this big and pervasive a civil right violation by TRADITIONAL LEGAL MEANS.

I have even had it suggested to me that AA was started, because many congressmen felt that the magnitude of the civil action taken against civil rights violating buisinesses and schools would destroy the US economy! Interesting premise.

[quote]mertdawg wrote:
But how does that let us know (when) its time to remove AA? Unless its removed, we can’t tell if 10% would be black without it right?
[/quote]

Not necessarily. One can, every 5 years, remove the race and other elements that might let you “guess” race (even the name!) from the college applications and let the process go and see the results. Then, before the results are made public, introduce the data for AA and see if it changes. If it doesn’t, well, we don’t need it. If it does, 5 more years…

It might sound cumbersome, but I guess it’s not that bad and it’s pretty objective and easy to justify to the public eye.

[quote]hspder wrote:

Not necessarily. One can, every 5 years, remove the race and other elements that might let you “guess” race (even the name!) from the college applications and let the process go and see the results. Then, before the results are made public, introduce the data for AA and see if it changes. If it doesn’t, well, we don’t need it. If it does, 5 more years…

It might sound cumbersome, but I guess it’s not that bad and it’s pretty objective and easy to justify to the public eye.

[/quote]

But what if affirmative action is actually weakening the black community as I have said before? Or other factors are involved? Kind of like using a weight lifting belt for years, and taking it off.

The problem comes because it is a crutch. All it does is keep you weak. If you never walk on your own how do you know you can?

Another thing people don?t seem to get is that it assumes everybody is a bigot. Guilty before proven innocent.

Years ago, it was noticed that there were no black people on an orchestra, so through affirmative action one was pushed through. He was skilled, and was planning on earning his way, but he was pushed ahead of others to get his position. The problem with this is that when a person would audition for this orchestra, they never saw the person. They always performed behind a curtain to prevent any bias. (I don’t think the person was even allowed to talk.) Now do you think aa did the right thing here?

[quote]The Mage wrote:
But what if affirmative action is actually weakening the black community as I have said before? Or other factors are involved? Kind of like using a weight lifting belt for years, and taking it off.

The problem comes because it is a crutch. All it does is keep you weak. If you never walk on your own how do you know you can?

Another thing people don?t seem to get is that it assumes everybody is a bigot. Guilty before proven innocent.

Years ago, it was noticed that there were no black people on an orchestra, so through affirmative action one was pushed through. He was skilled, and was planning on earning his way, but he was pushed ahead of others to get his position. The problem with this is that when a person would audition for this orchestra, they never saw the person. They always performed behind a curtain to prevent any bias. (I don’t think the person was even allowed to talk.) Now do you think aa did the right thing here?[/quote]

I (tend to ) agree here. AA’s legal purpose is to provide that the individual white or black candidate- as they stand at the given moment-have fairness.

Its legal PURPOSE is not to inspire, motivate, give hope, build wealth etc. and at some point I think it is clear that it stunts these anyway.

Again, these things-inspiration, motivation, hope etc. are better served through different means which may or may not fall under the scope of the federal government.

Did you file a complaint against this professor? I would have, and you should have. Nobody should be treated like this, and dont forget that if you did nothing, this allowed the professor to do it to another person.

The fact that you stayed positive and didn?t quit is great, and shows your strength of character.

When I was in junior high I was a little chubby, and the most unpopular person in our school. I was weak, fat, uninterested in sports, and never seemed to say the right thing, or had everything I said twisted around. There were some weird rumors going around about me also.

It wasn?t until years later that I realized my problem was my attitude. I lived with the victim mentality, and that was who I was. A victim. Others can see that in me and acted on it, or responded negatively to it.

It is interesting when you look into this kind of mindset. People with low self-esteem are more easily taken advantage of. A woman who is raped actually has a higher chance of being raped a second time then the average woman has of ever being raped.

I started learning some of this in high school. I started taking martial arts classes, and when I suddenly had the skill to defend myself, people quit picking on me. The thing is that I never told anyone I was studying martial arts.

That was when I started to realize that my problems were not out there, but in me. I had to quit blaming everybody else for my problems. Generally if I had problems with somebody else, it was actually because I was not asserting myself. I don?t need to be an asshole about it, but I don?t need to take shit anymore.

And that is a key word. Taking shit. Not having it forced upon me, but actually taking it.

[quote]The Mage wrote:
Did you file a complaint against this professor? I would have, and you should have. Nobody should be treated like this, and dont forget that if you did nothing, this allowed the professor to do it to another person.
[/quote]

No, I didn’t. There was a much worse example that other students witnessed. However, when it came time for me to need a witness, no one else would come forward. Most students who aren’t dealing with that will not risk their own grades when push comes to shove. That means it is stuck being a problem that only that black kid is having. Why, you ask? Because these professors who have been doing this for years and have written peer reviewed books are more likely to stand up for each other, not put everything on the line to defend me. I know, in your world, all you would have to do is come forward, the rainbows come out, the birds start singing and Tina Turner sings the theme song to your biographical movie. The real world is a little different. That leaves the choice being, put everything on the line to fight, or deal with it and graduate. I graduated.

[quote]hspder wrote:
I’m not naive enough to think such a study would even be possible, at least not a study that would rise up to my standards, i.e., exhaustive and credible. I could have done it myself it that was my field of study, but I know people who tried and paid for even trying. [/quote]

It would be a very difficult study – the main problems being: 1) racism is basically an undefined concept as far as measuring it directly as a variable (though it should be possible to do an indirect measurement if you completely controlled for other factors); and 2) the self-reported data problem.

[quote]hspder wrote:
So, I speak of empirical evidence - my experience as an observer (and of getting in trouble when I tried doing something about it) and many testimonies from friends and colleagues from diverse backgrounds. And I can tell you that Yale and Harvard, for example, are much worse now than Stanford or Berkeley are. They are truly white-boys clubs. [/quote]

That’s interesting – I would love to know the department to which you’re referring, because the stats for their professional schools (med, law, business) belie that point.

BTW, Berkeley doesn’t practice affirmative action - and hasn’t been able to do so since Prop 209 passed back in 1996, nine years ago - and Harvard and Yale do.

[quote]hspder wrote:
Of course. I’m willing to believe that some students that get in “thanks to AA” shouldn’t be there. Some. I’m just trying to tell you that you are not necessarily right in assuming racism has no part in the results you saw, and that AA has negative net effects. [/quote]

I don’t know that racism doesn’t have any role – and you don’t know if it does have any role. It’s an assumption on your part that it does – and that its effect is so strong as to create the measured efffect in both of the studies I referenced (the law school study, which I linked, and the UC Berkeley undergrad study, which I cannot find (it was essentially pre-internet, or at least pre-big-time internet)).

[quote]hspder wrote:
Look, I’m not saying racism IS THE root cause. [/quote]

You’re saying it’s the cause. The only critique you have so far of the law-student study – and I cannot tell whether you actually looked at it or not – is that it doesn’t account for racism as a cause for the measured effect. What else are you claiming other than that racism “IS THE root cause”?

It seems that not only are you claiming it’s the root cause, but the paradigm that you want in place is that it should be assumed to be the root cause unless someone can specifically disprove that this immeasurable quantity is the root cause.

BTW, I don’t know how much you know about regression analysis, but they do a pretty good job of controlling for extraneous variables and seeing whether certain inputs are causal or correlated. The author of the study is a law prof at UCLA with ph.D. in economics from Northwestern University. He got comments and edits prior to publication from some of the top legal academics around, like Bernard Black from Stanford, Jim Lindgren from Northwestern and Eugene Volokh from UCLA. Several other researchers have also replicated the results of the study without reporting methodological flaws or data errors.

So if you have some specific methodological critiques on why the study is flawed, I would love to hear them, but I haven’t seen anything yet in terms of why you think the study is flawed.

For your convenience, here’s a link to the article again:

http://www1.law.ucla.edu/~sander/Documents/Sander%20FINAL.pdf

In case you wish to read this, here is the author’s response to an article critiquing his study:

http://www1.law.ucla.edu/~sander/Documents/CCKL%20Critique.pdf

[quote]hspder wrote:
I’m saying I have seen a lot of situations where racism had a very negative impact on the ability of college students to succeed, and hence it can discredit in great part the results the study you mention show.[/quote]

How would it discredit the study?

BTW, this is what I mean about setting up the paradigm in which racism must be discredited as “the reason”, even though it’s an unproved assumption.

As another BTW, it is very interesting that the paradigm you want must include racism, but does not seem to want to include the fact that people with lower LSATs and GPAs would be predicted to have the precise sorts of problems the study is set up to measure if they had to compete for achievements against people with higher LSATs and GPAs on a fixed curve, which is what happens in law schools (and in undergrad, at least in certain majors).

And a final little note, you’ll see if you read the article carefully that the author makes the conclusion that the overall harm suffered by whites because of affirmative action is de minimus, and that the author has previously considered himself a proponent of affirmative action and has endorsed racial preferences to fix other areas, such as banking.

The simple conclusion of the study is that the overall costs of affirmative action preferences exceed the overall benefits to blacks as a group by a significant amount.

The median 1st-year GPA for blacks in law school overall is between the 5th and 10th percentile of white GPAs. It rises somewhat after that because those who are doing the worst simply drop out. The gap is the same in legal writing as in classes with timed exams. Are you going to tell me that effect is do mostly to racism? Even when it is precisely what would be predicted by the gap in admissions credentials – and it’s not a little gap either, given that, on a 1000-point academic scale based upon GPA and LSAT, the average admitted black student had an index 170 points (17%) lower than the average admitted white student.

[quote]hspder wrote:
Basically I’m saying that the study you mention is flawed because it doesn’t dig into that. At all. And if their excuse was that digging into that was impossible (because of backlash) they should not bother to put out a flawed study out. [/quote]

Actually, the best measure of a “racism effect” I could think of for a study like this would be a test to see whether black students underperform their credentials – in other words, figure out a predicted performance based upon the admissions index of LSAT and GPA, then forecast average performance based on a competitive environment against others with higher numbers (the affirmative action gap) and see if they perform even worse than projected.

I don’t know of any well designed, accuratae studies that point to this effect. Maybe you could do one.

[quote]hspder wrote:
Again, you over-simplify and are being naive. Professors don’t need to give lower grades to black students to have an impact. Just the way professors look at you or interact with you can have a negative effect. I don’t know how law school is, but when I was studying I needed constant interaction with professors - ask them questions, ask for advice, ideas, input. The fact that professors were so willing to interact with me had a dramatic positive effect on my achievements. [/quote]

Yes, I realize that most non-professional graduate school programs are basically periods of indentured servitude to professors, and professors – especially thesis advisers – can have profound effects on students.

In professional school, professor interaction is also important, but is not so crucial.

I cannot back up a claim that racism does not exist – but you can’t back up a claim that racism is such a powerful effect based on anecdote and self-critiqued observations.

I will say that in my experience in law school, I never saw a professor refuse to answer students’ questions or refuse to see students in office hours. Some profs were pricks, but they were pricks to everyone. Others were cool to everyone.

In fact, the only claim I ever heard about racial bias at law school was some info one of my black friends (yeah, imagine that – I have black friends – and Asian friends, and Tongan friends, and Hispanic friends, etc., etc.) told me about a certain black professor who was known to favor black students on exams. The students felt that they were supposed to include stuff on an exam answer to the effect of, “from my perspective as a black person, blah blah blah.” and they would get better marks. Thus, blind exams were defeated, at least to the extent they were race blind.

[quote]hspder wrote:
Since you’re so crazy for “proof”, here’s my testimony.

The way I’ve seen them treat black students was dramatically different - and if I tried and helped them (by answering their questions as I could) after class, I had to sneak and not let a professor see us or I’d get “punished” next time and not get my answers either (because now I was “with them”).

Yes, this was in America, in the SF Bay Area, not so long ago.[/quote]

Actually, this captures the essence of the self-reporting data problem. Did you ever ask the professor whether he disliked those students? Or, assuming he did, find out why? Do you really know he would “punish” you for associating with them, or is that your projection on the situation? Perhaps the professor had a reason to dislike them that had nothing to do with race (like they were loud in the library one day while he was doing research or something)? We can only make conjectures, unless somehow you “know” what the professor was thinking and why he was thinking it.

[quote]hspder wrote:
“Other solutions”? Do you call what they “experimented” with “other solutions”? Is just another band-aid, “other solutions”? [/quote]

No, I don’t, but you’re missing the point. The point was about whether there was a political will to do something if affirmative action were taken away, and those “other solutions” prove the existence of the will to try other things out in the absence of the affirmative action option. It has nothing to do with the relative merit of the “other solutions.”

[quote]hspder wrote:
I give up. You’ll never get it. You prefer to rely on a flawed study just because it claims to be scientific. Fine. Maybe one of these days, when I’m bored I’ll come up with another “scientific” study saying the exact opposite. Apparently it does not need to be exhaustive or credible for you to believe. [/quote]

Feel free to undertake the one I outlined above, but please credit me in the introduction.

[quote] BostonBarrister wrote:
The problem is an education system that underserves the poor. Education in poor white areas sucks. Education in poor Hispanic areas sucks. Education in poor Asian areas sucks. Education in poor black areas sucks. And education in poor racially diverse areas sucks.

From what I can see, part of the problem is funding, part of the problem is finding motivated teachers and part of the problem is the will and/or legal ability to impose proper discipline on the students. Each of these areas needs to be addressed.

hspder wrote:
You sure do like to oversimplify, don’t you? Only if it were that simple…
[/quote]

Please, o great sage, explain to poor, simple, naive me the great complexities of your thinking. I’ll try hard to keep up, but please use little words, and pepper it with lots of references to my naivette and simplicity.

BTW, as a side note, I really dislike the “it’s not that simple” argument with nothing else added on to it. If you’re going to make a contention, the least you can do is back it up.

Anyway, just about anything can be made simpler or more complex depending on your goal. If I want to know what time it is, I can look at a watch and get the time without having to know how to build the watch, or without having to grasp the complexity of Einsteinian Special Relativity. Not that knowing how to build a clock or understanding Einsteinian Special Relativity are bad things, but their complexity is completely unrelated to the goal of knowing what time it is.

[quote]Professor X wrote:

Just to add personal experience to this, along with the interaction with professors being different, the interaction with other students was as well. There were many times (and by many, I would say MOST of the time) that old tests were an integral part of studying for a new exam. They were usually passed down between students who were friends with people above us. Often, I would ask around the night before or three days before if anyone had any old tests on the subject at hand. Usually the response was “Nope, haven’t seen any.” The night of the exam, like everyone else, I study my ass off. I walk into class the next morning for the exam, and there are 15-20 students studying copies of the exam, passing it around the room. Now, wait a second…I thought no one had any old exams? Anyone who doesn’t understand that is a little blind. I am not anti-social and I get along with most people…however, I was treated very much like an “outcast” at times and it was not because I did that to myself. Mind you, I started collecting my own exams and passing them down to black students who came into classes under me later. You have to start somewhere, right?

I could also get into how some of my professors acted as if they were completely afraid of me. I remember my pharmacology professor singling me out one day because I walked into class 5 minutes late. This was the first time this ever occurred yet he went on for over 5 minutes about how disrespectful that was. Mind you, 3 students who were regularly late walked in after his rant and not a word was said. I know, you will try your best to mentally create an excuse for all of this behavior, but it isn’t so much the larger things that affect the mental state of a student in school after college level (especially if they are the only black student like I was at the time) but rather all of the smaller things added together.

That means that all things are not equal. To disregard the experiences of others as you ONLY look at academic performance is like noticing a floating piece of ice, noting it as no bigger than an icecube while ignoring the iceberg beneath.

Now, I only pointed out a few negatives. There were more but I don’t want anyone to think that I only looked at the negatives in school. I didn’t. I tried to stay positive but only because I don’t quit.
[/quote]

This actually gets into what I was talking about above w/r/t self-reported data and self-critiqued experiences even better.

I had a very similar experience in law school. During the first week, in my Legal Process Class, my cell phone went off because, like an idiot, I had forgotten to turn it off – it was back in 1999, and I wasn’t used to carrying a cell phone (it was new for law school). The professor stopped his lecture and looked out and said, “Whose phone is that?” I said, “Sorry sir, it’s mine – I thought it was off.” He said, “I won’t tolerate that in my class. Next time I hear it, I’m going to take it.” And then he went on lecturing.

I was pissed. I was even more pissed when, the next week, Niquelle, a friend of mine who was sitting a few rows away, had hers go off and he just ignored it. In fact, he ignored all the other times it happened, for the rest of the semester.

Why’d he single me out? Was it 'cause he was Korean and I was white? I suppose that’s a possibility. Another possibility is that it was his first year teaching and he was trying to establish a presence, but then he decided he had been too harsh. ANother possibility is that he just had a bad day that day.

I don’t know, because I never asked. ANd it turns out that if he had any animus against me from that, it disappeared later because when I was a 2L he agreed to be a reference on my resume – and I got my highest grade of my first year in that class (but it was blind grading, so any animus wouldn’t have come through that).

Next, on test files – they were very, very important in law school. Old outlines from people who “booked” (i.e. made the A+) in the same class taught by the same prof in a previous semester were highly coveted. And hard to obtain, even for white students.

This is where the reality of law school – or med school, or what have you – being a competition between the students for grades comes to the fore. If you had a copy, you shared it with your good friends, but you didn’t go passing it around to everyone in the class – you wanted “an edge” if you could get one and it was ethical. I remember a few times I got outlines from a friend who would say something to the effect of “You can have this, but don’t go giving anyone else a copy.”

Actually, getting good outlines was a skill – you needed to be able to provide them to people sometimes too, because if someone was just constantly giving them to you but not getting anything back, there was no quid pro quo.

Amusingly – at least from the perspective of this thread – the only groups who officially had their own banks of outlines and old tests were the African American Law Group and the Womens Law Group – the rest of us had to get by on what we could scrounge up.

Actually, if you couldn’t find any you could usually buy an old one from the Vanderbilt Bar Association (student government), but they didn’t keep tabs on whose they were and made no vouches for quality. But I digress.

A lot of what you see in a situation is based on what you’re looking for – and there’s no way to fix that other than either getting specific to support or undercut your standard assumptions.

[quote]hspder wrote:
mertdawg wrote:
QUESTION: What objective standard in society should allow or should have allowed us, a nation, to know when Affirmative action is/was no longer needed?

That’s indeed a very good question…

I’ll say that until having AA makes no difference in the racial split of students made to college, it should be there.

So, to explain it another way, if with AA 10% of entrants are black, until 10% of entrants would also be black without AA, it should be there.

[/quote]

So you want to have a quota that stays in place until the underlying education-system problems mentioned above are fixed?