The IMF’s view on economic stimulus. (I posted this in another thread, but I think it’s appropriate here as well). Notice that they believe BOTH spending AND tax cuts should be used.
[i]2. Macroeconomic stimulus?both monetary and fiscal?to support demand.
On monetary policy, many central banks have taken strong actions to cut interest rates and improve credit provision. The IMF still sees some room to lower interest rates, as inflation pressures are subsiding, but the room is diminishing rapidly, and has disappeared altogether in some countries. Moreover, deflation is now a risk. In present circumstances, the effectiveness of low interest rates to support activity is likely to be constrained as long as financial conditions remain disrupted. Therefore, central banks will need to rely increasingly on unconventional measures to unlock key (high-spread, low-liquidity) credit markets.
On fiscal policy, many countries have announced and are already implementing sizeable stimulus. The key here is to design packages that provide maximum boost to demand, which argues for measures to increase spending. However, fiscal deficits are widening sharply because of the cyclical downturn and the impact of asset price declines on revenues, as well as stimulus measures and the cost of financial sector rescues. To prevent an adverse market reaction, the IMF says policymakers need to strengthen fiscal frameworks and commit to credible longer-term policies that reverse the deficit buildup as economies recover.
Space for easing
Blanchard also stressed that there is no “one-size-fits-all” policy mix. Some countries have more fiscal and monetary space than others. “In this respect, it is welcome that some emerging economies now have more space for policy easing than in previous downturns and are making use of it,” he said.
As for the balance between spending increases and tax cuts, we think that there are two arguments why spending increases should be part of the package, probably more so than in the past.
"Consumers who are credit constrained are likely to spend any extra money derived from a lower tax bill."
First, the decline in private sector demand is likely to be prolonged. This implies that fiscal policy can rely more than in the past on spending measures, including investment in infrastructure, because we don’t need to worry so much about implementation lags.
Second, we believe that, in the current circumstances, the marginal propensity of consumers to spend tax cuts or transfers may be low, leading to low multipliers. That said, selectivity is needed in raising spending: direct purchases of goods by the government?investment spending in particular?has a direct effect on demand and will also have positive supply-side effects. In contrast, increasing public sector wages is unlikely to help and may be difficult to reverse. [/i]
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