First week of journalism school, you learn that you are not to level allegations against a person/organization without trying to contact him/her/them. In 99 percent of cases, the target of the allegations is either going to decline to comment, or simply not respond at all. Both are fine: “Mr. Smith declined to comment;” “Mr. Smith has not returned our calls” (Investigations take months to report and write, so if somebody hasn’t gotten back to you, they’ve essentially declined to comment. If it’s quick, you say “we’ll update if we hear back.”)
This is well known by the staff at Rolling Stone. It isn’t conceivable that they would run a story alleging, say, Google to have fired a bunch of black employees based on their race, without first seeking Google’s comment.
This tells me one thing: They at RS have bought the “don’t question survivors” line so thoroughly that they have set it above the best-practice principles of their profession. This seems kind of obvious and banal, but it’s actually a momentous observation: that a news outlet – and we’re not talking about a biweekly local paper here – has (unconsciously, I don’t doubt) absorbed what is really a radical and highly partisan line of reasoning and baked it into the structure of their operation. “Structure” is an important word here. Nobody needs to be reminded that news outlets have ideological bents, most of those bents are expressed by way of editorial content. The NYT and the WSJ, for example, are in editorial ideological opposition, but the structural rules by which they build their stories are the same.
As for how a journalist could report this thing correctly, I think there’s only one way: You tell your subject that, as difficult as it might be for her, if she wants the story to run, you’re going to check it as if it were anything else. You’re going to try to verify her claims and contact her alleged assailants and you’re going to talk to her friends. If she objects, then you tell her that you wish her luck and you send her on her way. Yes, victims’ feelings matter, but the whole point of a set of structural principles is that they take priority over our emotions and biases and fragilities.