Evolutionary Confusion

[quote]knuckles wrote:
Jersey5150 wrote:
knuckles wrote:

Hey if I used the term incorrectly let me know. But I wanted to make sure that it was clear that genectic information in DNA and the specifc set of codons the generate a charecteristic (allele) dont just disappear.

Allele…Darwin.

Well, you didn’t exactly use it incorrectly. I just thought it was self-evident that the gene that causes this trait has become less frequent because the trait has become less frequent.[/quote]

Thats actually some of the problem with the discussion on this thread is there is no agreement on what alot of these terms mean.

Also it seems some people where addressing macro and micro evolution as if they where completely separate.

Why, the bible is the most supported historical document in the world with thousands of noncontradictory manuscript copies. The next closest is Homer’s Iliad with around 200.

Without getting into the evolution of man, I think evolution is best seen in viruses and bacteria. Medications that once worked on such organisms no longer work on certain strains. Why? Because the organism evolved, not because it wanted to, but because it had to in order to survive. The weakest of the organisms die off, the strongest are left to reproduce. Thus creating strains immune to normal treatment. This is the path that most things take in order to survive and therefore evolve.

[quote]AMIRisSQUAT wrote:
Damn, Im late. And with all the great resposes from the thinkers and this not being my field of expertise (that would be pasta-ball, a mythical sport conceived during long evenings contemplating the existance of god and the role of pasta in sport).

Now for my approval yell.

YOU FUCKING CREATIONIST MOTHERFUCKERS NEED TO FUCKING STOP RUINING EVERY DAMN SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENT OR DISCUSSION ON THIS SITE WITH YOUR SELF-PRESERVING RHETORIC! YOUR FUCKING INSECURITIES NEED TO BE FUELED ELSEWHERE YOU LONELY ASSHOLES GO DIE!

I HATE YOU ALL YOU RELIGOUS FUCKS! STOP BRINGING YOUR PERSONAL BELEIFS IN FAIRIES/GOBLINS/GODS AND SUGAR-FREE CHEESECAKE THAT TASTES LIKE THE ORIGINAL ONTO THIS FORUM YOU SWINES!

Amir[/quote]

Obviously someone who is deeply disturbed. Why do you hate? Is it because we make you look to closely at your own life and you see the inconsistancy and futility of it. By reacting so strongly it makes me wonder if you need to get in touch with your inner creationist.

[quote]Jersey5150 wrote:
ToShinDo wrote:
Missing fossils? In another thread, I posted the volume of the earths crust that scientists have to search through. I believe it was half a million cubic miles or so (I’ll try to find it again). The point is, that’s a lot to look through. SO don’t be surprised if we haven’t found every possible fossil.

Computer simulations have shown that complexity can arise form randomness. Search for Avida on the net for a evolutionary simulation.

As for Behe’s claim of irreducible complexity, he’s wrong. The blood clotting proteins he talks about? Organisms can get by with less than what he says, he simply does not understand enough. Besides true intelligence begets simplicity, not ridiculous complexity. Look at a hunk of iron ore, and a ball bearing. Which is simpler? Which is the product of intelligent design?

Also, in reference to some of the “experts” that are for ID; check when or where they got their degrees. I know of one for sure got his degree after he decided ID was true in order to lend his statements more authority.

One more. Some fruit maggots in N. America have been observed to have the characteristics of two different but related fruit maggots. This third species had not been seen before.

Sounds like evolution.

My perosnal problem with ID is that if there is a designer I’ve got a few things I want to ask him/her/it about.

If ID is true then is the entity that did the designing all knowing and all powerful? If not then ok he was limited with what could he do.

If he is all powerful…One of the things I’d like to ask him is what the fuck is up with childhood cancer? What the hell did those kids ever do to deserve that? Actually now that I am at it what about every other disease, infections parasite, degenrative disorder?

What the fuck? [/quote]

Those all exist due to original sin. Thank Adam and Eve. In answer not tounge in cheek go to www.answersingenesis.com. Those who are truly open minded and scientific should be able to read the information there and compare its validity to the rest. Unfortunately, I find that most militant evolutionists (and creationists) will not read anything on the other side without vomiting on it.

Anyway, why is it so hard to have an intelligent discussion on this without it degenerating into name calling. Every creationist is not a blithering idiot for believing the way they do. Neither are evolutionists. I for one think they simply do not have enough information yet to come to the conclusion that God exists.

[quote]Professor X wrote:

For those who believe in God and have an understanding of science, micro-evolution is not unheard of. We are adaptive. That in itself, to me, implies life with a purpose. We don’t have anything on this planet that can create life out of none life. Nothing non-living will start living out of nothing. To create life that not only has the desire to live but the ability to improve is pretty fantastic and within my understand of what God is.[/quote]

The adaptive nature of life is not purposed. This, I believe, is a msiconception that many have. It’s not as if organisms say “Oh, I better adapt.” Adaptation is the inevitable result of organisms with finite lives in complex ecosystems. Within a species, variation inevitably occurs, and within an ecosystem, changing factors put pressure on the species. Some survive these pressures and pass on their traits, while others don’t. There can be no other result.

And, on things having a desire to live, this is a fundamental instinct. After all, if the organism is not motivated to survive, it won’t last very long. Obviously, organisms with this kind of instinct didn’t survive. Those who were instinctually motivated to survive did.

[quote]Jersey 5150 wrote:

Thats actually some of the problem with the discussion on this thread is there is no agreement on what alot of these terms mean.

Also it seems some people where addressing macro and micro evolution as if they where completely separate.

[/quote]

A lot of people don’t understand what constitutes a species. To a layperson, species means “dog” or “frog”. This is not the case. A species, by the most basic definition, is a group of organisms that are reproductively isolated.

Micro and macro evolution, while not completely seperate, require different ways of thinking. Micro is easily observable. Macro occurs on a larger time scale, and for most people is harder to comprehend. It’s understandable that the two would be treated as seperate.

By the way, I was raised as a Jehovahs Witness, and have heard evolution slandered and ridiculed all of my life. Still do, Thursdays and Sundays. No argument here is new to me.

[quote]knuckles wrote:
Professor X wrote:

For those who believe in God and have an understanding of science, micro-evolution is not unheard of. We are adaptive. That in itself, to me, implies life with a purpose. We don’t have anything on this planet that can create life out of none life. Nothing non-living will start living out of nothing. To create life that not only has the desire to live but the ability to improve is pretty fantastic and within my understand of what God is.

The adaptive nature of life is not purposed. This, I believe, is a msiconception that many have. It’s not as if organisms say “Oh, I better adapt.” Adaptation is the inevitable result of organisms with finite lives in complex ecosystems. Within a species, variation inevitably occurs, and within an ecosystem, changing factors put pressure on the species. Some survive these pressures and pass on their traits, while others don’t. There can be no other result.

And, on things having a desire to live, this is a fundamental instinct. After all, if the organism is not motivated to survive, it won’t last very long. Obviously, organisms with this kind of instinct didn’t survive. Those who were instinctually motivated to survive did. [/quote]

Think about what you just wrote and apply that to the concept of “first life” on this planet. Why would “life”, in its simplest undeveloped form, have any motivation to survive? What would drive “first life” to have that motivation…that desire? Fear of death? You have done no better.

[quote]rocksolid wrote:
AMIRisSQUAT wrote:
Now for my approval yell.

YOU FUCKING CREATIONIST MOTHERFUCKERS NEED TO FUCKING STOP RUINING EVERY DAMN SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENT OR DISCUSSION ON THIS SITE WITH YOUR SELF-PRESERVING RHETORIC! YOUR FUCKING INSECURITIES NEED TO BE FUELED ELSEWHERE YOU LONELY ASSHOLES GO DIE!

I HATE YOU ALL YOU RELIGOUS FUCKS! STOP BRINGING YOUR PERSONAL BELEIFS IN FAIRIES/GOBLINS/GODS AND SUGAR-FREE CHEESECAKE THAT TASTES LIKE THE ORIGINAL ONTO THIS FORUM YOU SWINES!

Amir

Obviously someone who is deeply disturbed. Why do you hate? Is it because we make you look to closely at your own life and you see the inconsistancy and futility of it. By reacting so strongly it makes me wonder if you need to get in touch with your inner creationist.[/quote]

Actually, amir is pretty sane as far as I can tell, just pissed off with pinhead creationists who don’t even bother understanding the theory of evolution, then somehow think they can convince people that creationism is more logical.

[quote]Professor X wrote:
knuckles wrote:

Think about what you just wrote and apply that to the concept of “first life” on this planet. Why would “life”, in its simplest undeveloped form, have any motivation to survive? What would drive “first life” to have that motivation…that desire? Fear of death? You have done no better.[/quote]

Of course life in its simplest form had no motivation to survive. This is where the line gets blurry. At what level of complexity do organisms have instinct? Questions like that. I can’t answer those questions.

What I can tell you is that the drive to survive was not an issue to life in its simplest form. Life was (and still is) a product of its environment. Nothing MADE it survive, it simply did. Primordial life had no desire, no instinct, it simply existed and responded to pressure.

[quote]knuckles wrote:
Professor X wrote:
knuckles wrote:

Think about what you just wrote and apply that to the concept of “first life” on this planet. Why would “life”, in its simplest undeveloped form, have any motivation to survive? What would drive “first life” to have that motivation…that desire? Fear of death? You have done no better.

Of course life in its simplest form had no motivation to survive. This is where the line gets blurry. At what level of complexity do organisms have instinct? Questions like that. I can’t answer those questions.

What I can tell you is that the drive to survive was not an issue to life in its simplest form. Life was (and still is) a product of its environment. Nothing MADE it survive, it simply did. Primordial life had no desire, no instinct, it simply existed and responded to pressure.[/quote]

The line is more than just “blured” at that level. Nowhere on this planet does life just jump up from “primordial soup” with no life being their previously. Accept it, you have no more of an explanation for why life is on this planet, where it came from, or why it chose one of the most relative weaker forms to thrive in a carbon based life form on this planet instead of expanding on other planets with less fragile chemical structures.

For life to just have the desire to live doesn’t make sense. Why? What would be the point of life popping out of no where and NEEDING to live?

[quote]Professor X wrote:
knuckles wrote:
Professor X wrote:
knuckles wrote:

For life to just have the desire to live doesn’t make sense. Why? What would be the point of life popping out of no where and NEEDING to live? [/quote]

If god created us how does that change anything? It doesn’t make any more sense.

Argument 1. Life arose from nothing out of a primordial sea as little pieces of stuff tried to make copies of themselves.

Argument 2. A fantastical Unprovable being that lives in a magic place created all life for his amusement and if you don’t amuse him you will burn forever in the pits of hell (and he creates life by making little pieces of suff copy themselves in the primordial sea)

Both seem crazy to me but using Occam’s razor argument one is simpler and allows for much looser moral standards without the risk of eternal damnation or reincarnation.

for people who think the answers in genesis site is a bunch of crap I present the no answers in genesis web page.

[quote]Professor X wrote:
knuckles wrote:
Professor X wrote:

The line is more than just “blured” at that level. Nowhere on this planet does life just jump up from “primordial soup” with no life being their previously. Accept it, you have no more of an explanation for why life is on this planet, where it came from, or why it chose one of the most relative weaker forms to thrive in a carbon based life form on this planet instead of expanding on other planets with less fragile chemical structures.

For life to just have the desire to live doesn’t make sense. Why? What would be the point of life popping out of no where and NEEDING to live? [/quote]

Why is there life on this planet?

There isn’t a reason. It just is. That’s like asking why are there mountains. There just are. If you’re inquiring how life came about; the process, then we have some idea, but the picture is far from complete. There are many theories, many labratory investigations and many mysteries. The general thought, though, is that life was at first chemical; chemicals that were easily formed in an early Earth. At the point at which self-replicating chemicals were developed, is the point at which “life” began. You can see how this logically develops.

As further proof for these theories, many cell structures can be formed naturally. For example, structures similar to cell membranes can form in water without any direction, and looking at the chemical structure, it makes sense that this could have formed in an early Earth. I don’t remember the exact study, but I have it buried somewhere if you want to know more…

As I’ve said before, life didn’t just pop out and NEED to live. It simply LIVED. No need is necessary, only reproduction and selection. For organisms with higher brain functions, a a concious NEED to survive is beneficial. But for other organisms, it seems that they “need” to survive, only because thats what they evolved to do. A bacterium doesnt necessarily “want” to survive, but if it doesn’t survive, it dies. This concept is so unbelieveably basic that many people can’t seem to wrap their heads around it.

[quote]deanec wrote:
The permanent biological changes would be evolution if they resulted in a more complex organism. Adaptation need not fit this criteria.

An example I have seen is the original wolf/dog. It probably had genetic information for a wide variety of fur lengths. If simplified, you could say that the dogs carry a short fur gene (s) and a long fur gene (l). If these dogs breed the offspring would result in three possibilities, short (ss), medium (ls), or long (ll) fur. If an external influence such as an ice age occurs, only those with the (ll) type fur would be likely to survive. So adaptation to the enviroment has occured. As opposed to new genes being added, they would actually have been lost. This is opposite of what needs to happen for evolution to occur. Another result would be that future adaptation to a hotter environment could not occur, possibly resulting in extinction.

That is my understanding of adaptation vs. evolution.
[/quote]

OK, I think I see what you mean now.

First of all, throw away the notion that evolution produces more complex creatures. Let me say that again in a louder voice: Evolution does not necessarily produce more complex creatures. Evolution will produce creatures (in the widest sense of the word “creature”) that survive and procreate more successfully.

So, your dogs suffer an ice age and only those that had the long hair gene survived it. Now there are no short-haired dogs and you say that they didn’t evolve, they simply adapted to their environment, and what’s worse, they are now less complex because they only come in short-haired flavour. Did I understand you so far?

Then here is my answer: Those dogs evolved. Do you want to call it adaptation? Then go ahead, but to adapt is to evolve, if the adaptation comes through genetic change. Your species of dogs, as a whole, has adapted/evolved to become more resistant to cold weather. They haven’t become a different species, and we wouldn’t expect that to happen just because it got a bit cold.

With respect to your second issue: I answered it in my first paragraph! But let me expand it a little bit. Genes don’t quite work in such a simple manner as you have described. I know that’s what we’ve studied at school, but it’s not that simple. Many genes (or to be more precise, alleles) don’t produce a particular phenotype on their own, but in combination with a number of other genes. There is also the fact that some alleles are dominant, and others are recessive. For example, if you inherit a blue-eye allel from you mother and a brown-eye allel from your father, your eyes will be brown because the blue allel is recessive while the brown is dominant. I’m not sure how hair length in dogs works, but it could very well be the case that many dogs could have both the long-hair and the short-hair allel, but display long hair because that gene had mutated in such a way that long hair became a dominant allel.

Of course, many dogs could end up with 2 dominant allels (thus long hair) or 2 recessive allels (thus short hair and certain death), but a good number would keep both. This would allow for the dog species to readapt in the future when the ice age was over.

The other possibility, that I hinted at above, is that long hair doesn’t occur thanks to any one particular gene, but due to a combination of genes. This has been found to be the case for many physical characteristics.

Not sure if I’ve been too clear, because I’ve written this in stages during the day (hey, I’m at work!), so I hope it’s coherent enough.

[quote]knuckles wrote:
Why is there life on this planet?

There isn’t a reason. It just is. [/quote]

Not everyone believes that. You have equally no proof that life “just is”.

How does that “logically develop”? If chemicals just spontaneously started replicating and forming life, what started that? What ended it? Why do you believe things are just happening like that for no reason?

[quote]
As further proof for these theories, many cell structures can be formed naturally. For example, structures similar to cell membranes can form in water without any direction, and looking at the chemical structure, it makes sense that this could have formed in an early Earth. I don’t remember the exact study, but I have it buried somewhere if you want to know more…[/quote]

What? No, we can see crystals forming shapes, not the forming of actual chemical structures into living organisms. This has not happened in front of anyone on this planet in recorded history. Clouds can look like stuffed animals, but there is a large difference between that and an actual plush puppy dog falling from the sky in complete form along with “Made in Taiwan” on its ass.

[quote]
As I’ve said before, life didn’t just pop out and NEED to live. It simply LIVED.[/quote]

So, your explanation instead of even considering the concept of a supreme being or higher intelligence is that shit just happens? That is actually harder to believe and way less credible than there being order to organisms as complex as there are on this planet.

I don’t understand why this makes sense to you. Organisms “evolved” into a need to survive? Motivation was an evolutionary step? Desire was the first thing we evolved out of nothingness? What do you base this on, the simple fact that we are alive now?

Whew, what a thread… So, there are a few things I thought I’d bring up.

First, I’d like to address the perceived mutual exclusivity of evolutionary theory to spirituality or religion. As was already stated, believing in scientific theory and reason does not mean you can’t believe in your faith. In fact, if you haven’t thought about your faith and tried to disprove it to yourself, then it’s probably not as strong as it could be. There’s a thing called the ontological argument that can help you with that one, and it’s something that a lot of reason-minded people come across or come up with on their own when they start to think, “There’s some else going on here…” A simple logical argument for the existence of the divine does not cheapen your God, but it does make your faith a lot easier to explain.

The reeeeal simple version is: We know existence by it’s opposites, i.e., we know bad because of good, we know dark because of light, etc. We know finitude. So, we know the infinite (i.e., God). Another way to say it would be that we know imperfection, so therefore we know perfection. Our definition of God is as a perfect being. A perfect being is possessed of all perfections. Existing is a perfection, therefore God exists.

There are much better, in depth explanations of this arguemnt that you can find online, but that’s the short version.

So if God exists and is perfect, we can say that, in a Platonic sense, existence as we know it is a reflection of His Exisistence. Since our own self-awareness sets us apart from the rest of the animals and we can create complex structures and observe complex interactions and such, it’s not a stretch to assume that we are the closest thing around to God’s own image, as far as our dialectic and overall intellectual capacity is concerned.

Basically I’m just trying to say that logical thought can be applied to the question of Divine existence and such and makes for a better faith. Logic can corroborate interpretations of our religious texts if we let it. And a knowledge of the existence of a supreme being is helpful when you come to questions like, “How did life begin?” It lets you say, “God did it.” However, if we just took that answer for every question, we would understand even less about the world around us than we do today.

Therefore, we postulate randomness in the universe. After all, if you say there’s no Divine, and that everything in the universe is governed by scientific law that leads to the predictability of every electron everywhere, then we would have no responsibility for our actions and lives, as everything would be as a result of the prescribed patterns of every molecule moving along it’s regulated path. Since we know that we have will and such, as Descartes proved (cogito ergo sum), the universe either runs as dictated by the divine or by random activity.

The fact is, random activity alone is enough to produce life: put a trillion molecules in a box and shake it up, and there’s some chance that an amoeba with put out. Not likely, put possible. We don’t need God for that, we need luck. However, look to the ontological argument to prove God, and look to Ockham’s Razor, and it’s looking like God might have breathed life into existence. We can’t prove it or disprove it, but it seems plausible.

After that, we’ve got evolution or intelligent design or what have you. The thing I always want to tell closed-minded creationists who consider evolutionary theory to be mumbo jumbo is: your god is inferior to mine. Really, on a cosmic scale, your god is a chump, becuase mine is omnipotent, omniscient and just the Man in general. Seriously, if you don’t believe your god can create a complex environment carefully enough to have it produce first life, then natural selection and run on principles that emerge in its environment, then you don’t believe in an all powerful God.

The Theory of Evolution doesn’t attempt to say whether or not God created the universe, it just says how things work for us living things here on Earth. The fact of the matter is, if a sequence of events is demonstrated enough times with a degree of predictability, it is scientifically sound. That’s how we know about the existence of gravity, you know, throw something up in the air and it’ll fall on you. You could say, “Well that’s just a theory, there are holes in it. You don’t know why there is gravity or how it came to be, therefore it doesn’t really exist.” To that I say go jump out of a plane. When I hear about holes in the fossil record and how evolution can’t be seen in action, I think the same thing. Never mind that several of the better educated posters on this forum have mentioned that evolution can be observed quickly and drastically, as in insects that no longer exhibit insectile traits, I think that ignoring functional truth is just nuts.

A lot of the people I know told me that I don’t believe in “creationism” because I’m not a Christian. These are the same folks who let me know I just didn’t understand why I should vote for Bush because I’m not a Chistian. I didn’t disabuse them of their notion, because I’m sure the minister at my church wouldn’t be Christian enough for them either. He had to study to become a pastor, and get a doctorate degree and study other religions and stuff. A lot of folks think that kind of thing is anti-Christian, that all you need is a Bible, but in the educated world, that’s known as “knowing your field.”

Being a Christian is not about refusing all but the simplest interpretation of a flawed translation of a text written by a flawed man. It’s about faith, and that is a totally separate from being a numbskull. When a certain hillbilly took a recent election, I was in shock. My mom reminded me, “Well, I heard on the radio that some huge percentage of people, like almost half the people in this country still don’t believe in evolution.” It explained a lot. It’s really just a sign of a lack of thought, or at least intelligent thought. That how the people who know stuff think, anyway. God gave you a brain. Think.

[quote]Flop Hat wrote:
If god created us how does that change anything? It doesn’t make any more sense.
[/quote]

Have you ever built or created anything? Did it make sense for you to do it? If not, why did you do it?

[quote]
Argument 1. Life arose from nothing out of a primordial sea as little pieces of stuff tried to make copies of themselves.[/quote]

Why would “little pieces of stuff” try to replicate?

[quote]
Argument 2. A fantastical Unprovable being that lives in a magic place created all life for his amusement and if you don’t amuse him you will burn forever in the pits of hell (and he creates life by making little pieces of suff copy themselves in the primordial sea)[/quote]

Magic? I can see why there can never be any actual discussion here…because it won’t last two posts before someone begins degrading the concepts of the other. I doubt anyone here is basing their beliefs in “magic”.

Occam’s Razor would have nothing to do with the consequences, but rather the origin alone. It is simpler for you to believe that out of billions upon billions of random tries that extend beyond mathematics, chemical structures just fell together and began “living” with an innate desire to continue living? Why is that the easier concept to believe?

Why do people deride others faith?

I understand when someone is being close minded and will not look outside the bible it is OK to poke a little fun at them.

But to try to “disprove” the existence of a higher power is impossible.

Smarter people than us have tried and failed.

Proof of god is unnecessary if you have faith.

It is an endless, unwinnable circular argument.

[quote]Professor X wrote:

Not everyone believes that. You have equally no proof that life “just is”.

[/quote]

You asked a question and I gave you my answer. From a scientific standpoint, there isn’t a “reason” (atleast not in the sense you’re talking about) for anything. That is purely spiritual.

Chemicals don’t replicate and form life, they form more chemicals! What started that? Well I’m sure you are aware that certain chemicals CAN replicate, and that it IS possible for them to form naturally, correct? What ended it? The development of more complex chemicals (as the result of reproduction in a biological sense), and the addition of other structures. In other words, the gradual formation of cells.

Why do I believe that things are happening for no reason? Because things do happen for no reason. As far as I’m concerned, the formation of life is no different from a hurricane, a snowflake or a volcanic eruption. They are all products of our world, universe, and the rules which govern it.

Yes, but these “shapes” form the basis of many cell structures. From this it is strikingly clear what happened!

No ones saying that life arrived in a complete, tidy package at its inception. It was a slow, gradual, difficult process that took BILLIONS of years.

Yeah, pretty much. :slight_smile: It’s not hard to believe at all. We can see it today. Here’s an example. Why do viruses infect and kill people? Because they are being directed by a higher power? Of course not. That is simply what they do. There is no ryhme or reason, it simply IS.

I think you’re misunderstanding my post. I didn’t mean life evolved to “need to survive”, I meant they evolved to “survive”. Which is self-evident yet critical.

[quote]Miserere wrote:
deanec wrote:
The permanent biological changes would be evolution if they resulted in a more complex organism. Adaptation need not fit this criteria.

An example I have seen is the original wolf/dog. It probably had genetic information for a wide variety of fur lengths. If simplified, you could say that the dogs carry a short fur gene (s) and a long fur gene (l). If these dogs breed the offspring would result in three possibilities, short (ss), medium (ls), or long (ll) fur. If an external influence such as an ice age occurs, only those with the (ll) type fur would be likely to survive. So adaptation to the enviroment has occured. As opposed to new genes being added, they would actually have been lost. This is opposite of what needs to happen for evolution to occur. Another result would be that future adaptation to a hotter environment could not occur, possibly resulting in extinction.

That is my understanding of adaptation vs. evolution.

OK, I think I see what you mean now.

First of all, throw away the notion that evolution produces more complex creatures. Let me say that again in a louder voice: Evolution does not necessarily produce more complex creatures. Evolution will produce creatures (in the widest sense of the word “creature”) that survive and procreate more successfully.

So, your dogs suffer an ice age and only those that had the long hair gene survived it. Now there are no short-haired dogs and you say that they didn’t evolve, they simply adapted to their environment, and what’s worse, they are now less complex because they only come in short-haired flavour. Did I understand you so far?

Then here is my answer: Those dogs evolved. Do you want to call it adaptation? Then go ahead, but to adapt is to evolve, if the adaptation comes through genetic change. Your species of dogs, as a whole, has adapted/evolved to become more resistant to cold weather. They haven’t become a different species, and we wouldn’t expect that to happen just because it got a bit cold.

With respect to your second issue: I answered it in my first paragraph! But let me expand it a little bit. Genes don’t quite work in such a simple manner as you have described. I know that’s what we’ve studied at school, but it’s not that simple. Many genes (or to be more precise, alleles) don’t produce a particular phenotype on their own, but in combination with a number of other genes. There is also the fact that some alleles are dominant, and others are recessive. For example, if you inherit a blue-eye allel from you mother and a brown-eye allel from your father, your eyes will be brown because the blue allel is recessive while the brown is dominant. I’m not sure how hair length in dogs works, but it could very well be the case that many dogs could have both the long-hair and the short-hair allel, but display long hair because that gene had mutated in such a way that long hair became a dominant allel.

Of course, many dogs could end up with 2 dominant allels (thus long hair) or 2 recessive allels (thus short hair and certain death), but a good number would keep both. This would allow for the dog species to readapt in the future when the ice age was over.

The other possibility, that I hinted at above, is that long hair doesn’t occur thanks to any one particular gene, but due to a combination of genes. This has been found to be the case for many physical characteristics.

Not sure if I’ve been too clear, because I’ve written this in stages during the day (hey, I’m at work!), so I hope it’s coherent enough.[/quote]

I see where you are coming from as well, and I understand that my illustration was oversimplified. I accept adaptation and I know you are aware of that. However if the biological definition of evolution is:

Evolution:

Biology.
Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, and resulting in the development of new species

I am all for it except the last phrase “resulting in a development of new species”. In spite of what you can or cannot do to fruit flies, bacteria, or the such, I see no compelling evidence that our dog will or could become a bear if that is what was necessary to survive(thicker fur, ability to hibernate), or that what now exists in human form originated from a low level organism. According to some of the more educated, enlightened and tolerant among us, that makes me an imbecile and I should die. Who knew?

[quote]Zap Branigan wrote:

Proof of god is unnecessary if you have faith.

[/quote]

Also, what would be the value of faith if there was scientific proof of God? – Houstin Smith