Article: Is Sugar Toxic?

I thought about something this morning, while sipping my coffee. I used to have a horrible soda addiction, regular soda, not diet. I was also reflecting on this thread, and how it contributed to my obese-ness at one point. I looked up the sugar content for one 12 oz. can of Coca-Cola, 39 grams. I looked up how much sugar was in a teaspoon of table sugar for my coffee, between 4-5 grams. Huge difference clearly. But when I drank soda, I drank probably 1-2 LITERS a day. 1 Liter has 108 grams of sugar, no fiber either. Holy fuck, no wonder I was a blimp.

I also have a question for some of you smart bastards up in here. Chime in with either fact or opinion please. Is the hunger mechanism initiated by a need for calories or nutrients? What I am asking is, is the body’s desire for more food sparked by a desire for more energy (in the form of food), or by a need for vitamins/minerals/anti-oxidants/phytochemicals, etc?

[quote]MODOK wrote:

I would say that reducing carbohydrate consumption IS very practical and doable. Its the easiest way to combat this issue. No one is saying eliminate carbohydrate, as you are implying. Simply reducing carbohydrate to 1/3 of total caloric intake will go a very long way to getting this country back on track with the carbohydrate-induced diseases.[/quote]

I think that is reasonable, but I disagree with the blame being solely on carbohydrate intake. Total carbohydrate intake as a percentage of the diet has only increased roughly 7% since 1971, with total caloric intake increasing (7% for men, 22% for women) and daily activity levels have fallen. I agree that the anti-fat/unlimited carbohydrate calories movement was entirely misguided and did more harm than good, but the point I’m trying to raise is that a similar anti-carbohydrate/unlimited fat movement would do just as much, if not more harm if implemented on a broad scale. Without actively educating Americans on the absolute necessity of reducing total energy balance both through reducing intake and exercise (and this is something that the diet industry works against as hard as possible- easier to sell books that don’t require diet or exercise to lose weight), it’s all an exercise in futility.

hunger mainly has to do with maintaining a set point bodyweight which is regulated by leptin. Leptin does this by measuring energy.

however, some people are resistant to leptin, and they never receive the signal to decrease hunger…and they just eat as much as they want really…

Some have also theorized obese people have some kind of messed up dopamine receptor in their brain where they require more stimulus to feel pleasure than others…so, they eat more to feel the same response as others…

Cravings may have something to do with vitamins/minereals…i never researched that, but it could be possible this exists…pregnant women definitely crave certain things lol…

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]CappedAndPlanIt wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]CappedAndPlanIt wrote:
every american needs to develop the willpower of a jedi, and the problem keeps getting worse. Lets just cut the shit- most people wont “watch what they eat”. Raise food standards, and things would get better.[/quote]

It takes the willpower of a Jedi not to order the cheese fries and molten cake at Chilis? Willpower of a Jedi to pack a sandwich and piece of fruit instead of having habitual dollar menu blackouts on your lunch break?

Does purposefully eliminating carbohydrate intake somehow not count as “watching what you eat”?

You know what happens when you raise food standards like you’re talking about? Prices go up, people who were having trouble affording food already get hungrier, public food programs (soup kitchens, school lunches) go belly up. Sounds like a winning idea. I’m sure you watched Jaime Oliver’s show and you know all about how it’s possible to spend less on wholesome organic ingredients but the reality is that analysis of his “food revolution” in Huntington, WV shows higher food and labor costs as a result of the changes he implemented.[/quote]

Yup. Keep shit food everywhere and cheap as dirt - can’t imagine that obesity problems will continue the way they have.

Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to resist cheap, tempting, unhealthy food backed with a multi-billion dollar advertising market designed to make it more appealing. Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to “only shop around the outside of the supermarket”, ignoring the majority of the things they sell. Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to choose from one of 4 or 5 things on a menu everytime you go out to eat. It takes a lot of willpower to stop eating when you’re still hungry and can easily afford more food - and can think of excuses like “its wrong to waste food” and “I can supersize for 15 cents, its a better deal!”

[/quote]

So starving the poor solves the obesity epidemic? Good to know.

11.2% of Americans either suffer from food shortages or are in imminent danger of facing hunger. Included in this are 13 million children. I’m sure it’s very nice to just pretend that these sorts of things aren’t happening, but in my area, there is a very real issue with children coming to school on Monday mornings having not eaten all weekend because their parents simply cannot afford food. You can argue about laziness and the welfare state or whatever, but your asinine idea to simply raise food costs does nothing to address that situation. Not to mention, as price increases, demand decreases, meaning that many of the 16.5 million US citizens working in the food industry lose their jobs. You’re effectively undercutting 10% of our gross domestic product by inflating food prices, effectively increasing the numbers I posted above. History has proven that, as food becomes less accessible, society deteriorates.[/quote]

Not all food. Just shit food.

[quote]CappedAndPlanIt wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]CappedAndPlanIt wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]CappedAndPlanIt wrote:
every american needs to develop the willpower of a jedi, and the problem keeps getting worse. Lets just cut the shit- most people wont “watch what they eat”. Raise food standards, and things would get better.[/quote]

It takes the willpower of a Jedi not to order the cheese fries and molten cake at Chilis? Willpower of a Jedi to pack a sandwich and piece of fruit instead of having habitual dollar menu blackouts on your lunch break?

Does purposefully eliminating carbohydrate intake somehow not count as “watching what you eat”?

You know what happens when you raise food standards like you’re talking about? Prices go up, people who were having trouble affording food already get hungrier, public food programs (soup kitchens, school lunches) go belly up. Sounds like a winning idea. I’m sure you watched Jaime Oliver’s show and you know all about how it’s possible to spend less on wholesome organic ingredients but the reality is that analysis of his “food revolution” in Huntington, WV shows higher food and labor costs as a result of the changes he implemented.[/quote]

Yup. Keep shit food everywhere and cheap as dirt - can’t imagine that obesity problems will continue the way they have.

Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to resist cheap, tempting, unhealthy food backed with a multi-billion dollar advertising market designed to make it more appealing. Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to “only shop around the outside of the supermarket”, ignoring the majority of the things they sell. Yes, it takes a lot of willpower to choose from one of 4 or 5 things on a menu everytime you go out to eat. It takes a lot of willpower to stop eating when you’re still hungry and can easily afford more food - and can think of excuses like “its wrong to waste food” and “I can supersize for 15 cents, its a better deal!”

[/quote]

So starving the poor solves the obesity epidemic? Good to know.

11.2% of Americans either suffer from food shortages or are in imminent danger of facing hunger. Included in this are 13 million children. I’m sure it’s very nice to just pretend that these sorts of things aren’t happening, but in my area, there is a very real issue with children coming to school on Monday mornings having not eaten all weekend because their parents simply cannot afford food. You can argue about laziness and the welfare state or whatever, but your asinine idea to simply raise food costs does nothing to address that situation. Not to mention, as price increases, demand decreases, meaning that many of the 16.5 million US citizens working in the food industry lose their jobs. You’re effectively undercutting 10% of our gross domestic product by inflating food prices, effectively increasing the numbers I posted above. History has proven that, as food becomes less accessible, society deteriorates.[/quote]

Not all food. Just shit food. [/quote]

Excellent, you do realize that “shit food” is largely consumed by the poor, right? You do realize that businesses that sell “shit food” employ droves of poor people, right? You can’t place economic restrictions on the primary food source of the poor without directly affecting the poor.

Besides, who is going to dictate what qualifies as “shit food”? You want the government placing tariffs on the foods they consider bad or have you just not thought this out very well?

[quote]MODOK wrote:
I’m about to head out for a giant plate of spaghetti, but someone mentioned Ockham’s Razor a while ago and I thought of something that needs a word or two said about it. Observationally, this phenomenon of introducing the refined carbohydrate and its effects on a previously naive population is everywhere in the past. Missionary physicians (including Albert Scweitzer) all over the world in the 18th and 19th centuries saw and wrote about first hand experiences with the native populations being nearly free of “western diseases” ( I wonder why they call them that?) upon first arriving in naive native populations. There were virtually no incidence of cancer, heart disease, or obesity among these populations. Only after trade was established between a western country and the native country do you see the diseases. What were they trading to the natives? Primarily refined carbohydrate. After only a few years of consumption, the western diseases exploded in the native populations. Sure this is anecdotal evidence and doesn’t establish causation, but Schweitzer and many of the other physicians were absolutely convinced that refined carbohydrate was to blame. There are also studies where populations were divided, half relocated to western countries, half left in native primitive culture. What happened? The same thing. An explosion of western diseases in the relocated group, nothing significant in the control group. Then there are the Inuit, who experienced the same thing. All of this goes back to Ockham’s Razor- sure you can come up with some convuluted theories about why this happened to these diverse populations scattered over many years of observation. But the simplest explanation- that the introduction of refined carbohydrate led to these problems, is probably the correct one if you are following Ockham’s Razor.[/quote]

Actually, most of the trade into Africa involved guns, ammunition, and factory goods. Europe had no reason to send agricultural goods to Africa, as that is what they needed most from trade. African tribes had been cultivating and consuming starches for hundreds of years before colonialism. There are issues with assuming zero incidence of disease in a population before any contact with western culture, especially when the arrival of westerners resulted in an increase in life expectancy in that population. It’s entirely possible that 1) natives were still getting sick before but it was never reported and that 2) natives simply lived long enough to succumb to “Western Disease” more frequently after the introduction of western medicine, guns, etc.

Giant plate of spaghetti? Now you’re talkin’ my language ! De Cecco FTMFW !

[quote]MODOK wrote:
Well, well… I made the mistake of reading your abstract, and look what I found:

"Lipolysis correlated inversely with CHO intake as did the proportion of whole-body lipolytic flux oxidized. Fractional de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) increased more than 10-fold on surplus CHO and was unmeasurable on deficient CHO diets; thus, the preceding 5-d CHO intake could be inferred from DNL. Nevertheless, absolute hepatic DNL accounted for < 5g fatty acids synthesized per day even on +50% CHO. Whole-body CHO oxidation increased sixfold and fat oxidation decreased > 90% on surplus CHO diets. CHO oxidation was highly correlated with HGP (r2= 0.60). HGP could account for 85% of fasting CHO oxidation on +25% CHO and 67% on +50% CHO diets. Some oxidation of intracellular CHO stores was therefore also occurring. +50% fat diet had no effects on HGP, DNL, or fuel selection. "

Exactly what I’ve been saying. Now you will respond with the opinion of the collaborators that supports your position. Do you see how this is a complete waste of time? I’d much rather hear your opinion from the heart on issues. We have some very intelligent people posting on this site, yourself included, and I really love to listen to what they think about things. I know you’ve already expressed your opinion, and I appreciate it very much.[/quote]

Basically…

It’s not necessarily that CARBS make you fat–again, that depends on a narrow set of circumstances (DNL)–it’s that CHO intake DECREASES lipolysis and thus increases the RATE at which fat accumulates, since the body will preferentially burn more glycogen over fat in that case.

It’s the same deal with PSMF diets. Ketosis, high enough protein to (hopefully) retain muscle, and low fat = body prefers to burn as much fat as possible.

Since Americans are…

  1. eating excess calories, most of that coming from CHO
  2. more sedentary

DEcreasing your body’s preference for fat burning, while eating MORE calories overall (driving fat storage), and mostly while intaking more fats (e.g. sat fats from junk foods, stored in adipose even WITHOUT insulin) AND are more sedentary…

Well, then…OF COURSE people are gaining weight.

We have 7 hormones that raise blood sugar (Glucagon, Somatostatin, Cortisol, Epinephrine, ACTH, GH, and Thyroxine) but 1 that lowers it, should tell us how our bodies are programmed to manage glucose.

[quote]MODOK wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]MODOK wrote:
I’m about to head out for a giant plate of spaghetti, but someone mentioned Ockham’s Razor a while ago and I thought of something that needs a word or two said about it. Observationally, this phenomenon of introducing the refined carbohydrate and its effects on a previously naive population is everywhere in the past. Missionary physicians (including Albert Scweitzer) all over the world in the 18th and 19th centuries saw and wrote about first hand experiences with the native populations being nearly free of “western diseases” ( I wonder why they call them that?) upon first arriving in naive native populations. There were virtually no incidence of cancer, heart disease, or obesity among these populations. Only after trade was established between a western country and the native country do you see the diseases. What were they trading to the natives? Primarily refined carbohydrate. After only a few years of consumption, the western diseases exploded in the native populations. Sure this is anecdotal evidence and doesn’t establish causation, but Schweitzer and many of the other physicians were absolutely convinced that refined carbohydrate was to blame. There are also studies where populations were divided, half relocated to western countries, half left in native primitive culture. What happened? The same thing. An explosion of western diseases in the relocated group, nothing significant in the control group. Then there are the Inuit, who experienced the same thing. All of this goes back to Ockham’s Razor- sure you can come up with some convuluted theories about why this happened to these diverse populations scattered over many years of observation. But the simplest explanation- that the introduction of refined carbohydrate led to these problems, is probably the correct one if you are following Ockham’s Razor.[/quote]

Actually, most of the trade into Africa involved guns, ammunition, and factory goods. Europe had no reason to send agricultural goods to Africa, as that is what they needed most from trade. African tribes had been cultivating and consuming starches for hundreds of years before colonialism. There are issues with assuming zero incidence of disease in a population before any contact with western culture, especially when the arrival of westerners resulted in an increase in life expectancy in that population. It’s entirely possible that 1) natives were still getting sick before but it was never reported and that 2) natives simply lived long enough to succumb to “Western Disease” more frequently after the introduction of western medicine, guns, etc.[/quote]

Come on, Strong. You can’t be serious with this? Now you are saying that Britain, France, and the Netherlands DIDN’T trade flour and sugar with native populations all over the world? I can only assume you are trying to make a joke. This is EXTREMELY well documented phenomenon and accepted by mainstream medicine for over 100 years. Just look into the work of Schweitzer, British physician Samuel Hutton (working with the Nan indian tribe in Labrador), French physician Stanislas Tanchou, Ales Hrdlicka (sp?), Henry Goodrich and scores of other physicians doing extended field work with native populations wrote about this phenomenon ad nauseum in the early 20th century. No one is assuming anything in regards to western diseases. This was field observation over many years by some incredibly smart people. Schweitzer was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in part for the work that he did with these tribes. We introduced refined carbohydrate to these various populations they consumed ever increasing amounts of them. Its documented what the ships dropped off and picked up. Its a fact and end of story. After it was introduced, over a period of the next 30-50 years these physicians documented a direct relationship between the consumption of refined carbohydrates and the new diagnoses of cancer, heart disease, and obesity. Its a very strong relationship. Check out the Tokelau Island Migration Study if you want to see for yourself.

You are grasping at straws, my friend. Ockham’s Razor.

[/quote]

I’m not saying that no refined carbohydrates entered Africa during the colonial age, but to imply that flour and sugar were flowing into Africa from Europe is entirely ignorant of the nature of the triangular trade routes running between Europe, the new world, and Africa. Manufactured goods to Africa, slaves to the new world, sugar, rum, and tropical crops to Europe. I’ve just offered a possible explanation for what you’re insisting is the result of increased carbohydrate consumption. I’m sure those doctors were able to establish clear causality? Right now, all I’m seeing is fuzzily documented correlation.

You’re also making the implication that Africans didn’t cultivate, process, and consume cereal grains and other starches before European exploration, which is entirely false. This is documented fact and it throws MAJOR wrenches into your argument, end of story.

The study you mentioned is a case study of native populations migrating to an urban setting and involves far more variables than the simple addition of refined carbohydrate, as you are implying. From that study:
"The factors most likely contributing to this difference, are changes to a higher calorie, high protein diet, higher alcohol consumption, a greater weight gain and altered levels of physical activity in the migrants.

That doesn’t really contradict anything I’ve said in this thread.

Awesome read. The detail of the posts are refreshing to say the least. Its discussions like these that make things even clearer for me.

Thanks

[quote]MODOK wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]MODOK wrote:

[quote]Stronghold wrote:

[quote]MODOK wrote:
I’m about to head out for a giant plate of spaghetti, but someone mentioned Ockham’s Razor a while ago and I thought of something that needs a word or two said about it. Observationally, this phenomenon of introducing the refined carbohydrate and its effects on a previously naive population is everywhere in the past. Missionary physicians (including Albert Scweitzer) all over the world in the 18th and 19th centuries saw and wrote about first hand experiences with the native populations being nearly free of “western diseases” ( I wonder why they call them that?) upon first arriving in naive native populations. There were virtually no incidence of cancer, heart disease, or obesity among these populations. Only after trade was established between a western country and the native country do you see the diseases. What were they trading to the natives? Primarily refined carbohydrate. After only a few years of consumption, the western diseases exploded in the native populations. Sure this is anecdotal evidence and doesn’t establish causation, but Schweitzer and many of the other physicians were absolutely convinced that refined carbohydrate was to blame. There are also studies where populations were divided, half relocated to western countries, half left in native primitive culture. What happened? The same thing. An explosion of western diseases in the relocated group, nothing significant in the control group. Then there are the Inuit, who experienced the same thing. All of this goes back to Ockham’s Razor- sure you can come up with some convuluted theories about why this happened to these diverse populations scattered over many years of observation. But the simplest explanation- that the introduction of refined carbohydrate led to these problems, is probably the correct one if you are following Ockham’s Razor.[/quote]

Actually, most of the trade into Africa involved guns, ammunition, and factory goods. Europe had no reason to send agricultural goods to Africa, as that is what they needed most from trade. African tribes had been cultivating and consuming starches for hundreds of years before colonialism. There are issues with assuming zero incidence of disease in a population before any contact with western culture, especially when the arrival of westerners resulted in an increase in life expectancy in that population. It’s entirely possible that 1) natives were still getting sick before but it was never reported and that 2) natives simply lived long enough to succumb to “Western Disease” more frequently after the introduction of western medicine, guns, etc.[/quote]

Come on, Strong. You can’t be serious with this? Now you are saying that Britain, France, and the Netherlands DIDN’T trade flour and sugar with native populations all over the world? I can only assume you are trying to make a joke. This is EXTREMELY well documented phenomenon and accepted by mainstream medicine for over 100 years. Just look into the work of Schweitzer, British physician Samuel Hutton (working with the Nan indian tribe in Labrador), French physician Stanislas Tanchou, Ales Hrdlicka (sp?), Henry Goodrich and scores of other physicians doing extended field work with native populations wrote about this phenomenon ad nauseum in the early 20th century. No one is assuming anything in regards to western diseases. This was field observation over many years by some incredibly smart people. Schweitzer was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in part for the work that he did with these tribes. We introduced refined carbohydrate to these various populations they consumed ever increasing amounts of them. Its documented what the ships dropped off and picked up. Its a fact and end of story. After it was introduced, over a period of the next 30-50 years these physicians documented a direct relationship between the consumption of refined carbohydrates and the new diagnoses of cancer, heart disease, and obesity. Its a very strong relationship. Check out the Tokelau Island Migration Study if you want to see for yourself.

You are grasping at straws, my friend. Ockham’s Razor.

[/quote]

I’m not saying that no refined carbohydrates entered Africa during the colonial age, but to imply that flour and sugar were flowing into Africa from Europe is entirely ignorant of the nature of the triangular trade routes running between Europe, the new world, and Africa. Manufactured goods to Africa, slaves to the new world, sugar, rum, and tropical crops to Europe. I’ve just offered a possible explanation for what you’re insisting is the result of increased carbohydrate consumption. I’m sure those doctors were able to establish clear causality? Right now, all I’m seeing is fuzzily documented correlation.

You’re also making the implication that Africans didn’t cultivate, process, and consume cereal grains and other starches before European exploration, which is entirely false. This is documented fact and it throws MAJOR wrenches into your argument, end of story.

The study you mentioned is a case study of native populations migrating to an urban setting and involves far more variables than the simple addition of refined carbohydrate, as you are implying. From that study:
"The factors most likely contributing to this difference, are changes to a higher calorie, high protein diet, higher alcohol consumption, a greater weight gain and altered levels of physical activity in the migrants.

That doesn’t really contradict anything I’ve said in this thread.[/quote]

Where in the fucking hell did Africans, Eskimos, and Polynesians get refined carbohydrate before we brought it to them? I guess the Africans built processing facilities to make the refined sugar and white flour, etc that we are actually discussing in this thread. No one is talking about “cultivating some carbohydrate” (Although those Eskimos did NOT). No body gives a damn if they ate some tubers or unprocessed carbs. We’re not even talking about that. As a matter of fact, we’re not really even talking about the same subject anymore. I’m talking about Taubes and his original thought in his book about western diseases and their link to increased consumption of refined carbohydrate throughout modern and past civilizations. You sound like you are on a jihad against VLCD or something. Its bizarre. Its incredible to hear you imply that all of this did not happen. Its incredibly well documented, and your description of the triangle trade comes right out of a 5th grade history text. Flour, sugar, and MANY other fucking things that weren’t explicitly mentioned in your history book were flowing from Europe to uncivilized countries like crazy. They traded EVERYTHING each other wanted. For example, sugar consumption among the Masai went from < 5 lbs of sugar per person per year in 1923 to 50 lbs per person per year in 1945. Its documented. Thats how much sugar the cargo ships dropped off at their villages in trade. Its also documented in many other places that I’m speaking of. I just don’t see how you can imply this didn’t fundamentally change their diet? Its just a bizarre argument you are making in the face of all this evidence. But believe what you want to believe; its a free country and there are many folks who think that we didn’t land on the moon either in the face of overwhelming evidence.
[/quote]

But I saw a show on the television that said the flag was moving even though theres no air to blow it. Did the television lie to me? And the shadowz. The moon shadowzzz

For those who may not have read the original article, it’s considerably more focused on the effects of fructose in the body than it is on CHO as a whole. It’s more focused in this respect than his earlier work.

Also as a side note, the triangular trade was a 16th-18th century phenomenon whereas the observations by missionaries others regarding the effects of the introduction of sugars and western disease tended to occur significantly later. It was the cases where first contact and trade integration occurred later-- when sugar was sufficiently cheap and available in the world market-- and suddenly that the rapid changes in the health statuses of natives could easily be observed.

Can we please try to get back on topic?

Is sugar toxic? How we find it in nature where man didn’t fuck with it, I don’t think so. I think we can all agree that depending on your current state and what your goals are, you would need to consider the quantity and timing of that sugar.

But if you are referring to that shit conjured up in a lab, then I would say yes.

[quote]Stronghold wrote:
I think that is reasonable, but I disagree with the blame being solely on carbohydrate intake. [/quote]

Not sure if you’re implying that that’s what MODOK said. If so, I think he meant that CHO intake is the easiest to manipulate, because of the abundance of CHO sources available to Americans. It’s not like people should be eating LESS protein, for instance.

I don’t think he meant to blame ONLY CHO intake, but that, because it’s everywhere and cheap, is the likely the greatest cause of higher avg caloric intake.

I re-read the Aragon debate with Lustig and what I didn’t like was that AA was arguing that the body treats fructose exactly the same (I believe that’s what his “bottom line” argument was) but the truth could be that processing the sugar is different than processing non-fructose such as dextrose, and that the collateral effect of fructose processing is damaging to the body in the long run.

MODOK,

If you’re willing to chime in one more time, I’d appreciate it :slight_smile:

[quote]MODOK wrote:
Based on the evidence that is readily available and that we’ve talked about over the past several days: the metabolic syndrome epidemic, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, cancer…all of the “western diseases” that were both unheard of in naive populations AND relatively unheard of in western societies until the past 200 years, when the average sugar consumption increased from less than 20 lbs/person/year steadily to now over 200 lbs/person/year, I believe the answer is yes. We crossed the toxicity threshold at some point. This is the problem, whether folks want to admit it or not. It really is so apparent as to stare us right in the face.
[/quote]

Thank you.

Funny that you mention the Maasai, Modok. Despite their diet being predominantly maize (as in processed corn meal) and sugar based, their average blood lipid levels tend to be about half of the average American’s and they show next to zero incidence of heart disease.

I hope you see the issues with trying to prove that there was zero to low incidence of x disease in populations that were completely isolated, kept no written records, and practiced religious medicine up until about the same time that the refined carbohydrates and European doctors showed up.

[quote]MODOK wrote:
Maasai live in Kenya and Tanzania, Strong. There was no corn in Africa until explorers brought it from the Americas back to the Old World. Maasai traditional diet was almost exclusively meat and milk. Their MODERN diet does include a lot corn though, as it was introduced to the region in the 20th century, along with sugar, potatoes, and other cultivated carbohydrates. The introduction of these food stuffs led to a dramatic change in the Maasai’s diet in modern times, which just happens to coincide with an epidemic surge among this same population of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. [/quote]

How does the fact that dairy is highly insulogenic factor into your theories?

Ockham’s razor would suggest that the conversion of African natives to more European/westernized lifestyles (which, I will concede, includes food) is the cause for the rise of European/western disease states in Africa rather than a single macronutrient. More food, less exercise, more stress. None of that is at all contradictory to what I’ve been saying.

By the way, fun quote from Taubes:
“The hypothesis favored by Bray and a half century of authorities on human obesity is that fat accumulation is fundamentally caused by positive energy balance. The alternative hypothesis begins with the fundamental observation that obesity is a disorder of excess fat accumulation and then asks the obvious question, what regulates fat accumulation. This was elucidated by 1965 and has never been controversial. ‘Insulin is the principle regulator of fat metabolism’”

That looks like a tacit assertion that overweight and obese people didn’t get that way by overeating.

[quote]MODOK wrote:
They certainly aren’t wanting to overeat. [/quote]
Speak for yourself, Skinny.

[quote]MODOK wrote:
He says overeating is THE problem…but he says it tells us nothing to help us solve the problem. The question is “what CAUSES these people to overeat?” They certainly aren’t wanting to overeat. [/quote]

I’m really liking your posts. Another great point.

People scream about portion control, self control, willpower. Its not natural. We’re meant to eat until we’re full - to do otherwise is unnatural.

It goes back to sugar being habit forming. People overeat on a diet full of sugar. Obesity rates in america didnt skyrocket till sugar go in eveyrthing - did people “suddenly” lose all their willpower w/r/t food?